🔹 What are polyps?

Polyps are small, benign (non-cancerous) growths that develop from the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) or the cervix. 

They are usually soft, reddish, and attached to the lining by a thin stalk or a broad base.  

🔹 Types:

- Endometrial polyps: arise from the uterine cavity.  

- Cervical polyps:arise from the cervical canal.  

🔹 Symptoms:

- Irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding.  

- Spotting between periods.  

- Postcoital bleeding (after intercourse).  

- Infertility or difficulty conceiving in some cases.  

- Sometimes asymptomatic and found incidentally during routine exams.  

🔹 Causes & Risk Factors:

- Hormonal imbalance (excess estrogen stimulation).  

- Chronic inflammation or infection.  

- Associated with obesity, hypertension, or tamoxifen use.  

- More common in women aged 40–50.  

🔹 Diagnosis:

- Ultrasound (TVS/sonohysterography). 

- Hysteroscopy: both diagnostic and therapeutic.  

- Pap smear and biopsy if needed to exclude malignancy.  

🔹 Management:

- Small, asymptomatic polyps: may just be observed.  

- Symptomatic or large polyps: removal via polypectomy (usually hysteroscopic).  

- Histopathological examination is essential to rule out premalignant or malignant changes.  

🔹 Prevention & Follow-up:

- Regular gynecological check-ups.  

- Timely management of abnormal bleeding.  

- Hysteroscopic evaluation in recurrent cases.  

✅ Key Message:

Most endometrial and cervical polyps are benign and treatable. However, because they can sometimes cause symptoms like abnormal bleeding or infertility, it is important for women to seek medical advice early for proper diagnosis and management.  

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