Behind every tiny cry in the NICU lies a story of strength, patience, and pure miracles.  

A baby born too soon isn’t weak — they’re a little fighter learning to breathe, grow, and love the world one heartbeat at a time.  

Every extra day inside the womb, every minute of care in the incubator, every mother’s touch matters deeply. 

Because every tiny baby deserves a big chance.

Every breath, every heartbeat, every cuddle — counts. 💜  

What Is Preterm Labour

Preterm labour means the onset of uterine contractions and cervical changes before 37 weeks of pregnancy.  

The earlier it happens, the higher the risks — but with timely medical care, outcomes can greatly improve.  

 Common Causes

- Previous preterm birth  

- Cervical weakness or short cervix  

- Twin or multiple pregnancy  

- Infections (especially vaginal or urinary)  

- Placental problems (abruption, previa)  

- Maternal factors such as stress, smoking, or uncontrolled diabetes/hypertension  

Early Warning Signs

- Regular contractions or abdominal tightening before 37 weeks  

- Pelvic pressure or low back pain  

- Watery or bloody vaginal discharge  

- Leaking fluid (possible membrane rupture)  

- Decreased fetal movements  

If you notice any of these don’t wait.

Early hospital assessment can stop or delay labour and protect your baby’s life.

Prevention & Care

- Regular antenatal check-ups  

- Screening and treating infections  

- Cervical cerclage or progesterone support when needed  

- Adequate rest, hydration, and nutrition  

- Hospital monitoring and steroid therapy for fetal lung maturity  

Dr Raban And Forest Park Specialised Hospital, we stand with every mother and every preemie — because tiny babies deserve extraordinary care.

As an obstetrician, I’ve witnessed how every minute can change a baby’s future.Dr Rabab Mustafa

#DrRababCares #WorldPrematurityDay #PretermLabour #MaternalHealth #NeonatalCare #ForestParkHospital #Zambia #WomenHealth #Motherhood #Hope

 💛 Doctors Are Human Too

Being a doctor doesn’t mean being available 24 hours a day.

We get tired.  

We need rest.  

We have families, homes, sleep, and a life outside the hospital.

Sharing my number with a patient is an act of trust 

not an invitation to call at midnight for non-urgent issues,  

and not a permission to cross personal boundaries.

If someone has been unwell for hours, it’s unfair to wait until 12 AM to call the doctor  and then refuse to visit the hospital. 

What meaningful medical help can be given over the phone at that time?

Respect goes both ways.

Every physician deserves:

• Clear working hours  

• Resting time  

• Privacy  

• And the basic courtesy of being contacted at reasonable hours  unless it's a true emergency

Being reachable does not mean being on call for the whole world.

Let’s remember: doctors are humans, not machines.  

Respecting a doctor’s boundaries is part of respecting their care.

💛 Dr Rabab Cares

#DrRababCares

 Scientific Fact Friday

Did you know that your feet can actually get bigger during pregnancy?

This is a completely normal physiological change that happens to many women.

🧠 Why does this happen?

- The hormone “Relaxin” loosens the ligaments in the feet, causing the arch to flatten.

- Increased body weight adds more pressure on the foot, making it slightly longer or wider.

- Fluid retention during pregnancy can make shoes feel tight or uncomfortable.

- Changes in posture and gait shift pressure on different parts of the foot.

📌 When does it usually start?

It can begin in the second trimester and become more noticeable in the third trimester.

📌 Is it permanent?

About 60% of women keep a slightly bigger shoe size even after delivery. 

For others, the size partially returns to normal.

🦶 What can help?

- Supportive, comfortable shoes  

- Avoid very flat or thin soles  

- Elevate your feet when possible  

- Gentle stretching  

- Consider maternity-friendly footwear

⚠️ When to seek medical review?

- Severe swelling

- Swelling in one foot only

- Pain with redness

- Shortness of breath or sudden swelling (red flag)

Pregnancy: even your shoes might need a maternity upgrade! 😅👟🤰

#FunnyFridays  

#DrRababCares  

#PregnancyFacts  

#WomenHealth  

#MotherhoodJourney  

#PregnancyChanges  

#OBGYNTips  

#PregnantLife  

#MaternityCare  

#LusakaMoms  

#ForestParkHospital  

#ZambiaHealth

 Family Planning Series – Week 8:

( Injectable Contraceptives )

 What are Injectable Contraceptives?

They are hormonal birth-control injections that prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to reach the egg.  

The most common types are:  

• Depo-Provera  150 mg Medroxyprogesterone acetate | IM | Every 3 months (13 weeks)
• Sayana Press  104 mg Medroxyprogesterone acetate | SC | Every 3 months (13 weeks) 
• Noristerat 200 mg Norethisterone enanthate  IM | Every 2 months.

How They Work ?

1️⃣ Inhibit ovulation.  

2️⃣ Thicken cervical mucus to block sperm.  

3️⃣ Thin the uterine lining to prevent implantation.  

Advantages :

✅ Very effective (97–99% if taken on time).  

✅ Long-acting and reversible.  

✅ Safe for breastfeeding (after 6 weeks postpartum).  

✅ Can reduce menstrual pain and bleeding.  

✅ Suitable for women who can’t take estrogen.  

⚠️ Possible Side Effects:

- Irregular bleeding or no periods.  

- Mild weight gain or bloating.  

- Headache or mood changes.  

- Delayed fertility return (4–10 months) after last dose.  

- Slight bone density reduction if used for more than 2 years.  

- Does not protect against HIV or STIs.

 📋 Guideline Notes (WHO & ACOG):

- Start within first 7 days of menstruation or 6 weeks postpartum.  

- Keep injections on schedule (every 8–13 weeks depending on type).  

- If > 2 weeks late → rule out pregnancy before reinjection.  

- Regular BP check and counseling about delayed fertility are essential.  

💬 Key Message :

Injectables are safe, effective, and convenient — but timing and follow-up are everything.  

They don’t protect against STIs, so condoms are still important for protection.  

#DrRababCares

 #FamilyPlanning #Injectables #DepoProvera #Noristerat #SayanaPress #Contraception #ReproductiveHealth #WomensHealth #OBGYN #Lusaka #ForestParkHospital

 💛 To Every Mother Who Has Lost a Child

There are no words deep enough for such pain.

No time that truly heals it,

and no heart that ever forgets.

Dear mother  your grief is sacred.

You are not weak for crying,

you are human for loving so deeply. 🤍

You carried life, and love, and hope.

And though your arms may feel empty,

your heart still beats with his farewell. 

Please remember 

your motherhood didn’t end with goodbye.

It simply changed shape,

and now it lives in every heartbeat of love that remains.

اللهم اربط على قلب كل أم فقدت طفلها،

واملأ أيامها بالصبر الجميل والسكينة التي لا تزول. 🤍

 Farewell, Little Olive ❤❤

Some souls are too pure, too brave,

to stay long in this world.

Little Olive fought with a courage far beyond his years,

with eyes full of light,

and a smile that made pain look small. 

Now heaven embraces him —

no tubes, no tears, no fear —

only peace, and light, and eternal rest. 🤍

To his mother, and to every mother who has walked this road —

your love has not ended,

it has simply crossed into a place

where angels hold what you once held.

> اللهم اجعله من طيور الجنة،

وارزق أمه الصبر الجميل،

واجعل لقلبها نورًا ورحمةً لا تنطفئ. 🤍

With compassion and prayers,

Dr Rabab Cares

 Not Every Breast Pain Means Something Serious

Many women visit their gynecologist because of breast pain or a small lump —and that’s okay, because most women trust their OB-GYN first.

But here’s the truth:

 the breast is actually a surgical organ.

Your gynecologist’s role is to listen, examine, and guide you to the right specialist when needed. 

Most Common (and Usually Benign) Reasons for Breast Pain or Lumps

 Hormonal changes (Fibroadenosis / Fibrocystic changes)

– Common before the period.

– The breast feels tender or slightly swollen, then returns to normal afterward.

 What helps: a supportive bra, reducing caffeine and salty foods, and simple pain relief if needed.

Fibroadenoma

– A soft, mobile lump under the skin.

– Usually benign, but should be confirmed with an ultrasound.

 Mastitis or Abscess

– More common while breastfeeding.

– The breast becomes red, warm, painful ± fever.

– Needs medical evaluation and antibiotics or drainage if required.

 See a Doctor Immediately If You Notice:

• A hard or fixed lump
• Bloody nipple discharge
• Skin or nipple retraction
• Swelling under the arm

💛 The Takeaway:

Not every breast symptom means cancer  but every change deserves attention.

Start with your gynecologist, and follow up with a breast surgeon if needed.

Early care saves lives. 🤍

📸 Attached below:

A simple visual guide for Breast Self Examination —

Because awareness starts with knowing your own body. 

#DrRababCares 

#WomenHealth #BreastAwareness #SelfExamination #Gynecology #LusakaDoctors #EmpathyInMedicine

 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease  The Silent Damage 

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is one of the most common  yet often overlooked  causes of chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women.

🔹 What it is:

PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs — mainly the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries — usually caused by sexually transmitted bacteria like Chlamydia or Gonorrhea.

🔹 How it happens:

It often begins as a lower genital infection that spreads upward to the upper reproductive tract — especially when left untreated or self-medicated.

🔹 Symptoms to watch for:

• Lower abdominal or pelvic pain
• Abnormal vaginal discharge (with odor or color changes)
• Pain during intercourse
• Irregular bleeding
• Fever or chills
• Sometimes, symptoms are mild or even silent — which makes early diagnosis crucial.

🔹 Long-term risks:

• al damage leading to infertility
• Ectopic pregnancy (tubal pregnancy)
• Chronic pelvic painTub

🔹 Prevention & Care:

• Regular screening for STIs
• Seeking medical care promptly after any pelvic infection
• Avoiding self-medication or delayed treatment
• Using protection when needed
• Partner evaluation and treatment when indicated
• Remember: PID can start quietly but leave a lifetime impact.
• Early detection saves future fertility — and your health is worth that attention.

#DrRababCares 

#WomenHealth #PID #PelvicPain #ReproductiveHealth #STIawareness #InfertilityPrevention  #ObGyn

 That moment when your pregnancy walk turns into a cute little waddle 🐧

It’s not clumsiness — it’s your body’s smart way of keeping balance while carrying precious cargo 🤰.

Your hips shift, your belly leads the way, and suddenly every hallway feels like a mini catwalk! 👣

Some call it the ‘penguin walk’ — we call it the Super-Mama stride! 

This gentle waddle happens because your body is preparing for delivery: the hormone relaxin loosens your ligaments, your center of gravity changes, and your pelvis tilts slightly to make space for your growing baby.

So yes — you’re not clumsy… you’re just evolving beautifully into motherhood ❤️.

🌸 Guidelines – Coping with “The Waddle Walk”

• Keep moving! 🚶‍♀️ Gentle walks maintain blood flow and reduce swelling.
• Wear comfy shoes 👟— support matters more than style.
• Prenatal yoga or stretching helps relieve pelvic pressure and improves posture.
• Avoid standing too long; take short breaks to rest your legs.
• Sleep with a pillow between your knees 🛏️ to align hips and reduce back strain.

If waddling becomes painful, check with your OB/GYN — sometimes it’s due to pelvic girdle pain, which needs special support.

 Pregnancy: turning every hallway into a slow-motion runway… with the world’s cutest walk! 😄💃

#FunnyFridays #DrRababCares

 #PregnancyJourney #WaddleWalk #ForestParkHospital

 Family Planning Series – Week 7:

 Vasectomy (Male Sterilization)

🔹 What is Vasectomy?

Vasectomy is a permanent method of contraception for men.  

It involves cutting or sealing the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra, preventing sperm from mixing with semen.  

It is a minor surgical procedure , usually done under local anesthesia, and takes about 15–30 minutes.  

📋 Indications

•  Men who have completed their families.  
•  When pregnancy may endanger the woman’s health (e.g., cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes).  
•  When couples desire a simple, permanent method.  
•  When other contraceptive methods are unsuitable or have failed.  
•  When both partners agree after good counseling that the man will take responsibility for contraception.  

⚙️ How it works

• The procedure blocks the vas deferens on both sides — either by ligation, cauterization, or clips.  
• Semen is still produced, but it contains no sperm, so pregnancy cannot occur.  
• It does not affect hormones, sexual desire, or the ability to have an erection.  

 🌟 Advantages

✅ Permanent and highly effective (>99%).

✅ Simple outpatient procedure.  

✅ No effect on libido or testosterone.  

✅ Safe, low-risk, and cost-effective in the long term.  

✅ Allows shared family planning responsibility between partners.  

 ⚠️ Disadvantages / Possible Side Effects

- Requires minor surgery.  

- Discomfort, bruising, or swelling for a few days after the procedure.  

- Rare complications (infection, hematoma, chronic pain).  

- Takes about 3 months or 20 ejaculations for sperm to clear completely — another contraceptive method must be used until semen analysis confirms azoospermia.  

- Permanent – reversal is difficult and not always successful.  

- Does not protect against HIV or other STIs.  

📖 Guideline Notes (WHO & CDC)

- Pre-operative counseling is essential for both partners.  

- Written informed consent must be obtained.  

- Post-operative semen testing should confirm the success of the procedure before stopping other contraceptive methods.  

- Men should be informed that vasectomy is a permanent choice.  

💡 Key Message

Vasectomy is a safe, permanent, and reliable method of contraception for men who have completed their families.  

It does not affect sexual function, but requires good counseling for both partners before the decision.  

#DrRababCares

 #FamilyPlanning #Vasectomy #MaleSterilization #WomensHealth #ForestParkHospital #Lusaka #OBGYN #Contraception #ReproductiveHealth

 Hepatitis B in Pregnancy — Updated Guideline 2024 / 2025 

1️⃣ Screening (According to ACOG & CDC)

• Every pregnant woman should be screened for HBsAg at the first antenatal visit, regardless of vaccination history.  
• If HBsAg positive → check:  
•  HBV DNA(viral load)  
•   HBeAg
•  Liver function tests: ALT, AST, bilirubin, ALP, albumin, INR  
•   Renal function:urea, creatinine, eGFR (Tenofovir is renally excreted).  
•  If HBsAg negative but at risk → vaccinate during pregnancy (safe in all trimesters).  

2️⃣ Assessing Severity & Baseline Work-up

•  Normal LFTs + low viral load (< 200,000 IU/mL) → usually no antiviral ; follow up every trimester.  
•  Elevated LFTs or high viral load (≥ 200,000 IU/mL) → initiate antiviral prophylaxis.  
•  Screen for co-infections(Hepatitis C, HIV).  
•  Assess fibrosis if chronic infection (Fibroscan / FIB-4 if available).  

3️⃣ Antiviral Therapy (AASLD 2023 / WHO 2024)

- Drug of choice:Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) 300 mg daily

  - Start at 28–32 weeks gestation if:  

    - HBV DNA > 200,000 IU/mL, or  

    - HBeAg positive with high transmission risk.  

  - Continue until delivery or up to 12 weeks postpartum(to prevent flare).  

- Do NOT start antivirals if viral load < 200,000 IU/mL with normal LFTs.  

- Monitor  renal & hepatic function every 4–6 weeks while on Tenofovir.  

4️⃣ Delivery & Intrapartum Management

•  Cesarean section not recommended solely for HBV prevention.  
•  Avoid: prolonged rupture of membranes & invasive procedures (e.g., fetal scalp sampling).  
•  Inform the delivery team of maternal HBV status and newborn prophylaxis plan.  

 5️⃣ Neonatal Prophylaxis (CDC / WHO)

- Within 12 hours after birth, each infant born to an HBsAg-positive mother must receive:  

  1. Hepatitis B vaccine (birth dose) 

  2. Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) — in a separate site.  

- Complete 3-dose vaccine series at 0 – 1 – 6 months.  

- Follow-up serology at 9–12 months:  

  - anti-HBs > 10 mIU/mL + HBsAg negative → protected.

  - HBsAg positive → refer for specialist care.  

6️⃣ Postpartum & Breastfeeding

- Breastfeeding is safe if the baby received vaccine + HBIG.  

- Continue Tenofovir if indicated for maternal liver disease.  

- Re-check maternal LFTs 6–12 weeks postpartum for possible flare.  

 7️⃣ Patient Education Points

💬 Hepatitis B doesn’t mean you can’t have a healthy baby

- Early testing = early protection.  

- Antivirals are safe in pregnancy.  

- Baby’s birth-dose + HBIG = life-saving combo.  

- HBV vaccine is safe during pregnancy for women at risk.  

#DrRababCares 

#HepatitisB #PregnancyCare #WomenHealth #ForestParkHospital #Lusaka #ObGyn #MaternalHealth #HepatitisBGuidelines #PublicHealth #WHO #CDC #AASLD #ACOG

 Tubal Miscarriage – When an Ectopic Pregnancy Ends on Its Own

• Sometimes, a pregnancy starts in the wrong place — inside the fallopian tube instead of the uterus.
• In some cases, the pregnancy tissue detaches and passes out through the tube before it ruptures.
• This is called a tubal miscarriage (or tubal abortion).

💬 What women should know:

• It can cause one-sided pelvic pain and light vaginal bleeding.
• The pain may come and go — and sometimes it feels like period cramps.
• You might think it’s a miscarriage, but in fact the pregnancy was outside the uterus.
• If left unnoticed, it can still cause internal bleeding — so early medical review is essential.

Always seek care if:

You have delayed period, positive pregnancy test, and pain on one side.

You feel dizzy, weak, or notice unusual spotting.

🩺 Medical insight / Guidelines:

According to RCOG & ACOG guidelines:

• β-hCG trend helps identify the pattern: it usually rises slowly or starts to fall.
• Transvaginal ultrasound is essential to confirm there is no intrauterine sac.
• If the patient is stable and the hCG is declining, expectant management (observation) can be safe.
• If pain worsens or hCG fails to drop, methotrexate or laparoscopy should be considered.

🌿 Dr Rabab Cares Message:

Sometimes, your body ends what it cannot safely continue —

and that’s not your fault.

Understanding what’s happening early can save your fertility and your life.

Always listen to your body and never ignore one-sided pain or unusual bleeding.

#DrRababCares 

#EctopicPregnancy #TubalMiscarriage #WomenHealth #LusakaDoctors #ForestParkHospital #EarlyDiagnosisSavesLives

 Maternal Mortality — A Painful Reality We Must Keep Talking About

As an obstetrician, I’ve learned that maternal mortality is one of the hardest truths in our field.

Even with 5-star care, advanced facilities, and a highly skilled team, a mother’s life can still be lost in rare and tragic circumstances. This is not about one hospital or one doctor—it’s a global challenge.

Most maternal deaths are preventable. The leading causes include:

• Severe bleeding (PPH)

• Hypertensive disorders (eclampsia/preeclampsia)

• Infections (sepsis)

• Complications during delivery or surgery

• Anaemia and indirect causes (e.g., HIV, TB, malaria)

🌿 How we can reduce the risks:

•  Early and regular antenatal care to detect anaemia, hypertension, diabetes, etc.
• Timely referral and delivery in well-equipped facilities
•  Reliable access to emergency blood
•  products and a functional referral/transport system
•  Continuous training and drills for obstetric emergencies (PPH, eclampsia, sepsis)
•  Community awareness of danger signs and seeking care early

Let’s remember: maternal death doesn’t always mean there was neglect. Sometimes, despite doing everything right, complications move faster than medicine can respond. Still, we must keep improving, learning, and supporting one another—because every mother matters. 🤍

#DrRababCares

 #MaternalHealth #WomensHealth #Obstetrics #GlobalHealth #PatientSafety #Zambia

 "During pregnancy, bathroom trips become a full-time job 🚽😂

Blame the growing baby pressing on the bladder — even the tiniest sip of water feels like a whole gallon! 💧🤰

It’s one of the most common pregnancy jokes, but it’s also one of the most common realities.

And while it might be funny to count your bathroom visits (sometimes 10+ times a day 😅), it’s actually a normal and healthy sign that your body is working hard to support both mama and baby."

🌸 Guidelines – Coping with Frequent Urination in Pregnancy

1. Stay hydrated 💧 – don’t cut down on water to avoid peeing, your body (and your baby) still need it.

2. Reduce caffeine ☕ – tea, coffee, and sodas can increase urine production.

3. Empty fully 🚽 – lean slightly forward when peeing to help the bladder empty better.

4. Go regularly – don’t “hold it in,” it can increase the risk of urinary tract infections.

5. Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) 💪 – they help strengthen the bladder muscles and reduce leakage.

6. When to see a doctor: if you feel pain, burning, blood in urine, or sudden increase in frequency beyond the usual.

✨ Pregnancy teaches us patience… and the fastest routes to every bathroom around! 😂

#FunnyFridays #DrRababCares

 #PregnancyJourney #ForestParkHospital

 Family Planning Series – Week 6: 

Bilateral Tubal Ligation (BTL)

🔹 What is BTL?  

Bilateral Tubal Ligation (BTL) is a permanent surgical method of contraception where the fallopian tubes are blocked, tied, or sealed to prevent the egg from meeting sperm.  

🔹 How is it done?

•  Laparoscopic: using a camera and small incisions.  
•  Mini-laparotomy:small abdominal incision, often after childbirth.  
•  Laparotomy:usually combined with other abdominal surgeries (e.g., C-section).  

🔹 Advantages:

•  Highly effective (>99%).  
•  One-time procedure – no daily pills or injections.  
•  Does not affect hormones, so natural periods continue.  
• Can be safely done immediately after delivery (C-section or vaginal).  

🔹 Disadvantages / Possible Side Effects:

- Permanent – reversal is very difficult.  

- Small surgical risks (bleeding, infection, anesthesia).  

- No protection against STIs/HIV.  

- Some women may experience:  

  - Heavier menstrual flow

  - Pelvic congestion (chronic pelvic pain or fullness)  

  - Rare failure, which increases risk of ectopic pregnancy.  

🔹 Counseling is essential

- Both partners should be counseled thoroughly before the procedure.  

- The woman must clearly understand the permanent nature.  

- Consent is mandatory according to **WHO and ACOG guidelines**.  

🔹 Who can consider it?

- Women who have completed their families.  

- Women with medical conditions where pregnancy would be dangerous.  

👉 Key message:

BTL is safe, effective, and permanent – but requires good counseling for the couple before making the decision.

#DrRababCares 

#FamilyPlanning #TubalLigation #BTL #Contraception #WomensHealth 

#ObGyn #ReproductiveHealth #DrRababCares #ForestParkHospital 

#LusakaHealth #PermanentContraception #GynecologyCare

 Understanding Blighted Ovum Pregnancy

A blighted ovum(also called an anembryonic pregnancy)

 happens when a pregnancy sac develops inside the uterus, but the embryo does not grow or stops very early. It is one of the most common causes of early miscarriage.  

🔹 Why does it happen?

1.  Chromosomal abnormalities (the most frequent cause).  
2.  Poor egg or sperm quality.  
3.  Problems with implantation.  
4.  Rarely due to infections or other health conditions.  
5.  Risk increases with maternal age.  

🔹 Can it be prevented?

In most cases, it is a random event and cannot be completely avoided.  

But you can reduce the risk by:  

•  Doing preconception health checks.  
•  Taking folic acid before pregnancy.  
•  Maintaining a healthy lifestyle (balanced diet, exercise, no smoking/alcohol).  
•  If recurrent miscarriages happen, both partners may need chromosomal testing.  

🔹 Guidelines for management (ACOG/RCOG):

Diagnosis is usually made by transvaginal ultrasound.  

Management options include:  

•  Expectant:waiting for natural miscarriage.  
•  Medical: using medication like misoprostol. 
•  Surgical: D&C or vacuum aspiration.  

✨ Most women who experience a blighted ovum can still have a completely normal pregnancy in the future.

💬 As an obstetrician, I always remind my patients that this is not their fault — it’s nature’s way of protecting the body. With care and hope, future pregnancies are usually successful. 🌿💙  

#DrRababCares  

#WomenHealthMatters  

#ObstetricsAndGynecology  

#EarlyPregnancyLoss  

#BlightedOvum  

#MiscarriageAwareness  

#PregnancyCare  

#WomenSupportWomen  

#MaternalHealth  

#ForestParkHospital  

#ZambiaHealth  

#HopeAfterLoss  

#HealingJourney

 🤝 A man’s role in women’s health is powerful — but the truth is, real change only happens when men AND women stand together.  

Too often, women carry the weight of their health silently. But when the people around them step up with support, the impact is life-changing.  

💭 Stories that I have witnessed:  

- A husband noticed his wife was pale and exhausted. Instead of dismissing it as “normal,” he encouraged her to do a blood test. The result was anemia, and early treatment prevented serious complications.  

- A father who brought his teenage daughter for her first HPV vaccine. He said: “I want to protect her future.” That moment of courage could save her life decades later.  

- A brother listened carefully when his sister described painful periods. He didn’t laugh or ignore her. He said: “Let’s see a doctor.” She was later diagnosed with endometriosis — and for the first time, she felt heard.  

- A friend who simply stayed present when a new mother was crying from exhaustion. He didn’t give advice, he just said: “You’re not alone.” That comfort was more powerful than any medicine.  

✨ These stories teach us something important:  

Support doesn’t always mean money, or big decisions. Sometimes it’s in the little things: listening, encouraging, being present.  

📌 Guidelines for BOTH men and women to support women’s health:  

1️⃣ Encourage regular checkups – Prevention saves lives.  

2️⃣ Share responsibilities – at home and in the workplace. Stress relief is healthcare too.  

3️⃣ Promote healthy habits together – exercise, meals, and rest.  

4️⃣ Stand against violence and myths – cultural silence harms, but courage heals.  

5️⃣ Offer emotional presence – Listening is not weakness; it is strength.  

🌸 Women’s health is not just a “women’s issue.” It is a family issue. A community issue. A human issue.  

When men and women work hand-in-hand — as partners, fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, friends — the result is stronger families, healthier communities, and a brighter future.  

💡 Let’s choose respect. Let’s choose support. Let’s choose a society where women feel safe, valued, and cared for.  

Together, we can break harmful traditions, give women a louder voice, and create a culture of dignity.  

#DrRababCares 

#WomenHealthMatters #ForestParkHospital #GenderEquality #HealthyFamilies

 📌 Dysmenorrhea Overview ( painful menstruation)

🔹 Primary Dysmenorrhea

Definition: Painful menstruation without an underlying pelvic pathology.

Cause: Prostaglandin release during menstruation → ↑ uterine contractions → ischemia & pain.

Onset: Typically begins within 1–2 years of menarche.

Symptoms: Cramping lower abdominal pain, may radiate to back or thighs, often accompanied by nausea, diarrhea, headache.

🔹 Secondary Dysmenorrhea

Definition: Menstrual pain caused by an identifiable pelvic pathology.

Common causes:

• Endometriosis
• Adenomyosis
• Fibroids
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
• Ovarian cysts or IUD-related pain

Onset: Later in reproductive life, pain often worsens over time and may persist outside menstruation.

📌 How to Reduce Dysmenorrhea (Guidelines & Tips)

✅ Lifestyle & Home Remedies

1. Heat therapy: Hot water bottle/heating pad to abdomen or lower back.

2. Exercise: Regular aerobic activity & stretching reduce cramps.

3. Diet: Reduce caffeine, salty and fatty foods. Increase fruits, vegetables, omega-3.

4. Hydration & warm herbal teas: Ginger, chamomile, cinnamon.

5. Stress reduction: Yoga, meditation, proper sleep.

✅ Medical Management (Guideline-based)

First line:

NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen, Mefenamic acid) – best started 24 hrs before expected period & continued 48–72 hrs.

Hormonal therapy:

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs).

Progestin-only options or LNG-IUD (effective in secondary dysmenorrhea, e.g., endometriosis).

Other options:

Tranexamic acid (for heavy bleeding + pain).

Magnesium & Vitamin B  ,  E supplements (supportive).

Secondary dysmenorrhea:

Treat underlying cause (e.g., surgery for fibroids, laparoscopy for endometriosis).

⚠️ When to Refer

Severe pain not responding to NSAIDs/COCs.

Pain associated with infertility, irregular bleeding, pelvic mass.

Suspected endometriosis or adenomyosis.

✨ Women’s health matters. Don’t ignore your pain. ✨  

#DrRababCares 

#WomenHealthMatters #Dysmenorrhea #ForestParkHospital

 🇿🇲 Happy 61st Independence Day, Zambia! 🇿🇲

Today, we celebrate more than six decades of freedom, unity, and resilience.

Zambia’s independence is not just history — it is a living story of peace, strength, and togetherness.

As someone who has made Zambia home, I feel proud to witness and share in the values that make this nation truly special: warmth, unity, and hope for the future.

Here’s to 61 years of independence, and to many more years of growth and prosperity for this beautiful country.

💚🧡🖤❤️ Happy Independence Day to all Zambians — let’s keep flying high, like the eagle that inspires us! 🦅

#IndependenceDay #ZambiaAt61 #Unity #Peace #Freedom

#DrRababCares

 Family Planning Series – Week 5:

 Contraceptive Implants 

Contraceptive implants are small, flexible rods inserted under the skin of a woman’s upper arm. They slowly release a hormone (progestin) to prevent pregnancy.  

⏳ Duration  

- 3 years: Single-rod implant (e.g., Implanon/Nexplanon).  

- 5 years: Two-rod implants (e.g., Jadelle).  

⚙️ How do they work?  

1. Prevent ovulation.  

2. Thicken cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to reach the egg.  

3. Thin the uterine lining, reducing the chance of implantation.  

🌟 Advantages  

✅ Highly effective (>99%).  

✅ Long-term protection (3–5 years).  

✅ No daily pill needed.  

✅ Rapid return of fertility after removal.  

✅ Safe for breastfeeding women and for those who cannot take estrogen.  

⚠️ Disadvantages / Side effects  

- Irregular bleeding or spotting (especially in the first 6–12 months).  

- Headaches, mood changes, or acne.  

- Possible weight changes or breast tenderness.  

- Requires trained provider for insertion and removal.  

- Does not protect against HIV/STIs (condoms are still essential).  

📋 Clinical Guidelines  

- Before insertion: Take a medical history, rule out pregnancy, and provide counseling.  

- Timing of insertion:  

   • Within first 5 days of cycle → protection is immediate.  

   • At any other time → use backup (condoms) for 7 days.  

- Special groups: Safe for breastfeeding (from 6 weeks postpartum).  

- Follow-up: 

Only if side effects occur. Removal/replacement must be done by a trained provider.  

- Seek medical advice if: bleeding is heavy, implant is not palpable, or severe side effects occur.  

💡 Key Message  

Implants are one of the most reliable and low-maintenance family planning methods, ideal for women seeking long-term contraception without daily effort. Always consult your doctor to confirm if this method is right for you.  

#DrRababCares

 #FamilyPlanning #ContraceptiveImplant #WomensHealth #ForestParkHospital #OBGYN #Lusaka

 Puberty in Girls – A Guide for Mothers

Puberty is one of the most delicate transitions in a girl’s life. For mothers, being present, open, and supportive makes all the difference. 

👩‍🦰 What to expect:

• Starts between 8–13 years.
• First signs: breast buds, hair growth, growth spurt, mood changes.
• Periods begin 2–3 years after breast development, often irregular at first.

💡 Guidelines for Mothers:

1️⃣ Prepare early – Talk about puberty before the changes start.

2️⃣ Normalize the experience – Tell her: “Every girl goes through this, you’re not alone.”

3️⃣ Explain menstruation – Show how to use pads, discuss hygiene and self-care.

4️⃣ Respect privacy – She may need space, but remind her you are always there.

5️⃣ Support emotions – Listen with patience. Mood swings are not misbehavior, they are part of growth.

6️⃣ Promote body positivity – Every girl grows differently. No comparisons, no shame.

7️⃣ Be the safe space – Let her ask questions without fear or judgment.

✨ Every girl deserves to step into womanhood with confidence, knowledge, and dignity — not fear.

#DrRababCares 

#PubertyAwareness #GirlsHealth #ParentingTips #WomenHealthMatters #ForestParkHospital #LusakaGynae

 Post-Spinal Headache & Leg Swelling After Cesarean Delivery

1️⃣ Post-Spinal Headache

• A common complication after spinal anesthesia in cesarean deliveries.
• Incidence: Up to 1–2% of women
• Pathophysiology: Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the puncture site reduces intracranial pressure.
• Risk factors: Young age, female sex, multiple puncture attempts, larger needle gauge.

Clinical Features:

• Headache worsens when upright, improves when lying flat.
• Associated with neck stiffness, nausea, tinnitus, diplopia.

Guideline-Based Management (RCOA, ACOG):

1. Conservative: Bed rest, hydration, analgesics, oral/IV caffeine.
2. If headache persists >48 hrs or is severe → Epidural Blood Patch (gold standard).
3. Exclude differential diagnoses: meningitis, migraine, preeclampsia.

2️⃣ Postpartum Leg Swelling

• Physiological: Mild, bilateral swelling due to fluid retention and hormonal changes.
• Pathological concern: Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).

Risk factors (RCOG – Green-top Guidelines):

• Cesarean section
• Obesity
• Prolonged immobility
• Previous history of thrombosis
• Preeclampsia, infection, dehydration
• Red-Flag Symptoms of DVT:
• Unilateral swelling (≥2 cm difference)
• Pain, warmth, redness in calf or thigh
• Shortness of breath or chest pain (suggesting pulmonary embolism)

Guideline-Based Approach:

• All post-cesarean women should have VTE risk assessment.
• Prophylaxis: Early mobilization, adequate hydration, compression stockings.
• Pharmacological prophylaxis (LMWH) for high-risk patients as per RCOG/ACOG protocols.
• Urgent referral if DVT/PE suspected — diagnostic Doppler and anticoagulation.

✅ Take-home message:

• Post-spinal headache is treatable, but don’t ignore persistent or severe symptoms.
• Leg swelling is often benign but can signal life-threatening VTE.
• Early recognition, patient education, and guideline-based management save lives.

#DrRababCares 

#MaternalHealth #CesareanRecovery #PostSpinalHeadache #DVTawareness #ForestParkHospital #WomenHealthMatters #OBGYN #LusakaGynae

 October is Accreta Awareness Month 

October 15th, I had one of the most challenging moments in my practice.

A young mother diagnosed during antenatal visits  with placenta previa accreta, complicated by bleeding Antepartum hemorrhage (APH).

It was a battle against time, against blood loss, and against fear.

By Allah/God’s grace, the surgery was successful. The baby was born safely, and the mother is now stable. 

After the surgery, when I asked her how she felt, she whispered with tears in her eyes:

“Still alive.”

This simple phrase reminded me how fragile life can be — and how precious.

This is not just a story about one patient — it’s a reminder of how serious Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) disorders can be.

They remain one of the major causes of life-threatening obstetric hemorrhage worldwide.

🔹 Early diagnosis (antenatal ultrasound, MRI in some cases) saves lives.

🔹 Multidisciplinary planning (obstetricians, anesthetists, surgeons, NICU) is crucial.

🔹 Blood availability & surgical readiness can make the difference between life and death.

As we mark Accreta Awareness Month 2025, let’s raise our voices for:

• Better access to antenatal care.
• Improved training for healthcare workers.
• Support for mothers and families going through this difficult journey.
• Every life saved is worth every effort.
• Today, I thank God for giving me the strength to be part of such a moment.

#DrRababCares 

#AccretaAwarenessMonth #PAS #MaternalHealth 

 #ForestParkHospital

 "Who said pregnancy slows women down? 😅👟

On October 5, 2025, Venezuelan Olympic runner Joselyn Brea shocked the world when she ran the Gatorade Caracas Rock 10K while 7 months pregnant — finishing in just 40 minutes and 31 seconds! 🤰✨

If that’s not Super-Mama energy, then what is? 💪💖"

 Guidelines for Safe Exercise in Pregnancy

Always ask your doctor first before starting or continuing exercise.

Choose safe activities like walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga.

Avoid overheating and dehydration — water is your best friend 💧.

Listen to your body: stop if you feel dizzy, pain, or shortness of breath.

Remember: Pregnancy is not about records, it’s about balance and health ❤️.

#FunnyFridays 

#DrRababCares 

#PregnancyPower #ForestParkHospital

 Family Planning Series (Week 4)

🌸 Family Planning Series – Week 4: Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) 🌸

An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small T-shaped device placed inside the uterus by a trained healthcare provider. It is one of the most effective, reversible, and long-acting contraceptive methods worldwide.

🔹 Types of IUDs:

1️⃣ Copper IUDs (Non-hormonal)

• Copper T 380A → effective for up to 10 years.
• Multiload IUD → curved design, better fit to the uterus, effective 5–10 years.
• Silver IUD → copper with added silver core to reduce corrosion, effective for about 5 years.
• Gold IUD → marketed in some regions, lifespan 5–10 years depending on brand.

2️⃣ Hormonal IUDs (Levonorgestrel IUS – e.g., Mirena, Kyleena, Jaydess)

• Release a small amount of hormone locally.
• Effective for 3–5 years depending on the brand.

🔹 How do they work?

Copper IUDs: copper ions are toxic to sperm → prevent fertilization and implantation.

Hormonal IUDs: thicken cervical mucus, thin the endometrium, and sometimes suppress ovulation.

✅ Advantages:

• Over 99% effective.
• Long-acting → “fit and forget.”
• Fertility returns quickly after removal.
• Copper IUD can also be used as emergency contraception (within 5 days).

⚠️ Disadvantages:

• Copper IUD: heavier or more painful periods at first.
• Hormonal IUD: spotting, irregular bleeding, mood changes.
• Small risk of perforation or expulsion (rare).
• Requires insertion by a skilled provider.

🔹 Non–Family Planning Uses of the Hormonal IUD:

• The hormonal IUD is not only for contraception — it has proven therapeutic benefits:
• Management of heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia).
• Treatment for endometriosis-related pain.
• Protection of the endometrium in women using estrogen therapy.
• Sometimes used in adenomyosis to reduce symptoms.

📖 Guideline Note (WHO MEC):

• IUDs are safe for most women, including adolescents and women who have not given birth.
• Contraindicated in women with pelvic infection, unexplained bleeding, or uterine abnormalities.

💡 Key Message:

IUDs come in many types — copper, silver, gold, multiload, or hormonal — giving women safe and long-term choices.

The hormonal IUD goes beyond family planning, offering real health benefits in managing gynecological conditions.

But remember: IUDs do not protect against HIV or STIs. Condoms remain essential for dual protection.

#DrRababCares 

#FamilyPlanning #IUD #Contraception #WomensHealth #ForestParkHospital

 Pelvic Floor Health – Evidence-Based Guidance

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and connective tissue that support the bladder, uterus, vagina, and rectum. When weakened, women may suffer from incontinence, prolapse, sexual dysfunction, and chronic pelvic pain.

🔎 Why do pelvic floor problems happen?

• Pregnancy and vaginal delivery
• Menopause (low estrogen)
• Obesity and chronic straining (constipation, heavy lifting, chronic cough)
• Aging
• Pelvic surgery

⚠️ Symptoms to watch for

• Urinary leakage, especially when coughing or sneezing
• Vaginal bulge or heaviness
• Back or pelvic pain
• Difficulty emptying bladder or bowels
• Decreased sexual sensation

📋 Guideline-Based Approach

🔹 1. Prevention & Lifestyle (First-line for all women)

• Daily pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT/Kegels) – recommended by NICE & ACOG.
• Avoid constipation: high-fiber diet, hydration.
• Weight management.
• Postpartum: early screening & start PFMT within 6–12 weeks.
• Stop smoking (chronic cough worsens prolapse).

🔹 2. Non-Surgical Interventions

• Pessary: silicone device inserted to support the vagina, especially for women not fit for surgery.
• HIFU (High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound): emerging, minimally invasive option for mild prolapse/vaginal laxity.
• Topical estrogen (post-menopause): improves tissue quality and reduces symptoms.

🔹 3. Surgical Management (for advanced cases, Stage III–IV POP-Q)

• Anterior or posterior colporrhaphy (vaginal wall repair).
• Hysterectomy or uterine-sparing surgeries.
• Sacrocolpopexy (mesh repair, abdominal approach).
• Chosen based on patient’s age, fertility wishes, severity, and comorbidities.

🔹 4. Follow-up

• Reassess every 6–12 months for symptom progression.
• Monitor for recurrence or complications.

🌷 Key Takeaway

Pelvic floor health is not only about avoiding prolapse — it’s about protecting women’s comfort, dignity, and quality of life. With early prevention, proper assessment, and individualized care, most women can avoid long-term complications.

📚 References

RCOG Green-top Guideline No. 46: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (2015)

ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 214: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (2019)

NICE Guidance NG123: Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women (2019)

#DrRababCares 

#PelvicFloorHealth #WomenHealthMatters #EvidenceBasedCare #ForestParkHospital #Lusaka

 Fresh News – A Global Step for Women’s Health!

Just this week, the Karnataka Government (India) approved the Menstrual Leave Policy 2025

— giving women 1 paid day of leave every month across government and private sectors.  

Here in Zambia, we already have Mother’s Day Leave — one day each month for all women workers.  

💡 What does this mean?  

It shows that women’s health is finally being recognized as a priority at the workplace.  

It is about dignity, inclusion, and respect for women’s natural biology and roles.  

When two very different regions — India and Zambia — embrace similar ideas, the message is powerful:  

👉 Women everywhere deserve workplaces that value compassion and equality, not only productivity.  

As an obstetrician & women’s health advocate in Lusaka, I truly believe such policies should be celebrated and expanded globally.  

#DrRababCares

 #WomenHealthMatters #WorkplaceWellbeing #GenderEquality #Zambia #India #LeadershipWithCompassion

 🤔

Pregnant women often have a superhero-level sense of smell .

That’s why even the tiniest whiff of food, perfume, or… your husband’s cologne 😅 can feel too much!

Some mamas joke that they can smell dinner being cooked from the neighbor’s house 🍲😂.

So if she suddenly hates your favorite perfume or can’t stand the smell of coffee ☕️ — don’t take it personal… blame the hormones!

Guidelines for Managing Strong Smells in Pregnancy

1. Avoid strong perfumes & harsh chemicals 🚫🧴.
2. Keep the house ventilated 🌬️ — fresh air makes a big difference.
3. Eat small, frequent meals 🍎🥪 to ease nausea.
4. Use natural scents like lemon 🍋 or mint 🌿 to mask odors.
5. Talk to your doctor if nausea or vomiting is severe.
6. ✨ Pregnancy nose: better than any perfume tester at the mall! 😍👃💖

#FunnyFridays #DrRababCares #PregnancyJourney #WomensHealth

 Family Planning Series – Week 3: Local / Topical Methods & HIV Prevention 

Family planning isn’t only about avoiding pregnancy — it’s about protecting health and making safe choices for the future.

🔹 Local / Topical Methods in Family Planning

These are methods used directly in the vagina before intercourse:

• Spermicides (gels, foams, creams).
• Vaginal suppositories (pessaries) with spermicide.
• Vaginal sponge or diaphragm with spermicide.

👉 All of these methods help prevent pregnancy by killing sperm or blocking them — but ❌ they do not protect against HIV or other STIs.

Sometimes they may even irritate vaginal tissues, which can increase the risk of infection.

🔹 Condoms: The Only Dual Protection

• Male condoms and female condoms protect against both pregnancy and HIV/STIs.
• Consistent and correct condom use reduces HIV transmission risk by >90%.
• Condoms remain the cornerstone of HIV prevention worldwide.

🔹 If exposure already happened (unprotected sex, condom break):

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP):

✔ Start as soon as possible, within 72 hours.

✔ 28-day course of antiretroviral drugs.

✔ Available in hospitals and HIV clinics.

✔ Follow-up HIV testing is required.

💡 Key Message for Youth:

Pills, injections, implants, local gels or suppositories = pregnancy prevention only.

Condoms are the only family planning tool that also protects from HIV/STIs.

After risky exposure, PEP is your safety net — but timing is critical.

#DrRababCares 

#FamilyPlanning #HIVPrevention #YouthHealth #Condoms #PEP #WomensHealth #ForestParkHospital

🔴 Antepartum Bleeding: A Serious Warning in Pregnancy

Pregnancy is usually a joyful journey, but sometimes unexpected events can put both the mother and the baby at risk.

One of the most important emergencies is Antepartum Bleeding (APB) – defined as any vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks of pregnancy and before delivery.

👉 Even small amounts of bleeding should never be ignored.

👩‍🍼 For Mothers – Awareness Matters

Antepartum bleeding can be frightening. The most important thing is to know when to act immediately:

⚠️ Seek urgent hospital care if you notice:

• Any bleeding (spotting, trickle, or heavy).
• Abdominal pain, cramps, or contractions.
• Decreased or no fetal movements.
• Dizziness, fainting, or weakness.

💡 Remember: In pregnancy, vaginal bleeding is never “normal” after 20 weeks. Quick action saves lives.

🩺 For Doctors – Clinical Guidelines

1️⃣ Resuscitation comes first

• ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation).
• Establish 2 wide-bore IV lines, take blood samples (Hb, coagulation, cross-match).
• Start IV fluids and prepare for blood transfusion if needed.
• Continuous maternal monitoring (BP, HR, urine output).

2️⃣ Assessment

• History: pain? trauma? previous cesarean section? hypertension?
• Fetal wellbeing: cardiotocography (CTG), ultrasound, Doppler.
• NEVER perform vaginal exam if placenta previa is suspected – it may cause catastrophic bleeding.

3️⃣ Main Causes

• Placenta Previa – placenta lies low, covering cervix.
  • Presentation: painless, recurrent, bright red bleeding.
• Placental Abruption – premature separation of placenta.
  • Presentation: painful, dark bleeding, hard tender uterus, fetal distress.
• Vasa Previa – fetal vessels crossing membranes over cervix.
  • Presentation: sudden painless bleeding after membrane rupture, fetal bradycardia/distress.
• Other causes – cervical lesions, trauma, infection.

4️⃣ Management Principles

• Admit to hospital, stabilize mother first.
• Decide timing & mode of delivery based on maternal condition, fetal status, gestational age, and severity of bleeding.
• Cesarean delivery is often required for major placenta previa, severe abruption, or vasa previa.
• Multidisciplinary approach: obstetrician, anesthetist, neonatologist, blood bank support.

🔑 Key Take-Home Message

• Antepartum bleeding is a red flag.

• Delay in management increases the risk of maternal hemorrhage, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), stillbirth, or neonatal death.
• 
  
• Every woman should seek immediate care if she notices bleeding in late pregnancy.
• Every clinician should prioritize
• 
  
•  stabilization, diagnosis, and safe delivery planning.

✨ Together, we can reduce maternal and perinatal mortality.
👉 Raising awareness + following evidence-based guidelines = saving two lives: the mother and her baby.

🔖 Hashtags:
#AntepartumBleeding #MaternalHealth #Obstetrics #PregnancyCare #WomenHealth #DrRababCare

Every woman experiences vaginal discharge — it’s the body’s natural way of keeping the vagina clean and healthy. But how can you tell if it’s normal or a sign of infection?  

 ✅ Normal Discharge  

•  Clear or whitish  
• - Mild smell (or no smell)  
• - Changes with the menstrual cycle (thicker around ovulation, lighter at other times)  

👉 Normal discharge = healthy, no treatment needed.  

 ⚠️ Warning Signs – When to Seek Medical Advice  

See your doctor if you notice:  

1.  Yellow, green, or gray discharge  
2.  Strong, unpleasant or fishy odor  
3.  Itching, burning, or swelling around the vagina  
4.  Pelvic or abdominal pain  
5.  Blood-stained discharge outside your period or after menopause  
6.  Recurrent abnormal changes despite home care  

🌿 The Role of Lactobacillus  

The vagina is normally rich in lactobacillus, a “good bacteria” that:  

•  Produces lactic acid → keeps the vaginal pH acidic (3.8–4.5)  
•  Prevents harmful organisms like candida and BV  
•  Supports a self-cleaning, protective environment  

When lactobacillus is disrupted (due to unnecessary antibiotics, poor hygiene, douching, or uncontrolled diabetes), women may develop:  

•  Abnormal discharge  
•  Odor  
•  Recurrent infections  

 📌 Guideline-based advice (CDC/WHO):  

• Avoid vaginal douching or harsh soaps — they disturb the natural balance.  
•  Choose cotton underwear & breathable fabrics.  
•  Probiotics and a balanced diet can support vaginal flora.  
•  Early consultation prevents small issues from becoming big problems.  

✨ Key message:

Normal discharge is a sign of health. Unusual changes are warning signals — don’t ignore them. Protect your lactobacillus, protect your vaginal health.  

#DrRababCares 

#WomensHealth #VaginalDischarge #Lactobacillus #ForestParkHospital #Gynecology #WomenHealthMatters #HealthyLiving

HIFU & Vaginal Prolapse – Evidence-Based Guidance

Vaginal prolapse is when the pelvic organs (bladder, uterus, rectum) drop into or outside the vaginal canal because of weakened support structures.
It’s common after childbirth, aging, menopause, obesity, and chronic straining.

Traditionally managed by pelvic floor training, pessaries, or surgery, new non-invasive methods like HIFU (High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound) are gaining attention.

🔎 How HIFU Works

• Uses focused ultrasound energy to heat deep vaginal tissue.
• Stimulates collagen and elastin production → tighter and stronger vaginal walls.
• Helpful in mild prolapse, vaginal laxity, and sexual dysfunction.

📋 Guideline-Based Approach

🔹 Step 1 – Assessment (POP-Q system)

• Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) is the standard for grading severity (Stage I–IV).
• Clinical exam + patient symptoms should guide treatment.
  (RCOG Green-top Guideline No. 46, 2015)

🔹 Step 2 – Management according to stage

• Stage I–II (Mild prolapse):

  • Lifestyle measures: weight control, avoid heavy lifting/constipation, stop smoking.
  • Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) – recommended first-line.
  • Vaginal pessaries for symptom relief.
  • HIFU may be considered as a non-invasive supportive treatment.

• Stage III–IV (Moderate to Severe):

  • Surgical repair is gold standard (e.g., anterior/posterior colporrhaphy, hysterectomy, sacrocolpopexy).
  • HIFU not recommended as primary treatment in advanced prolapse.
    (ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 214, 2019; NICE Interventional Procedure Guidance IPG623, 2018)

🔹 Step 3 – Follow-up

• Reassess every 6–12 months.
• Monitor for recurrence or progression.

🌷 Key Takeaway

HIFU is a safe, minimally invasive option for women with mild vaginal prolapse and can improve quality of life.
But for moderate to severe prolapse, surgery remains the gold standard.
Always seek specialist evaluation for an individualized treatment plan.

#DrRababCares

 #VaginalProlapse #HIFU #PelvicHealth #ForestParkHospital 

Ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancers are not entirely separate stories — sometimes, they share the same genetic roots.  

 🧬 The Hidden Link

Two important inherited genetic conditions explain why a history of one cancer in the family can mean a higher risk of the others:  

1️⃣ BRCA1 & BRCA2 mutations

• Famous for increasing breast and ovarian cancer risk  
•  Can also slightly raise the risk of colorectal cancer  
•  Can be passed from either parent — meaning men can be carriers too  

2️⃣ Lynch Syndrome (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer)

•  Significantly increases the risk of colorectal cancer  
•  Also linked to ovarian, endometrial, and sometimes breast cancer  

 📣 Why this matters

- If your mother, sister, father, or brother had breast, ovarian, or colon cancer — especially before age 50 — your own screening plan may need to start earlier  

- A family diagnosis is not just a personal tragedy — it’s a warning sign for everyone else in the family  

💙 Prevention & Early Detection Tips  

1. Know your family story

📝 Create a simple family health tree — include types of cancer, ages at diagnosis, and relationship.  

2. Talk to your doctor

💬 Share your family history, even if you feel healthy. It changes your screening recommendations.  

3. Consider genetic counseling

🔬 A simple blood or saliva test can reveal BRCA or Lynch mutations and guide your prevention plan.  

4. Healthy lifestyle habits

🥗 Maintain a balanced diet high in fiber and low in processed foods  

🏃‍♀️ Stay physically active  

🚭 Avoid smoking and limit alcohol  

5. Don’t ignore persistent symptoms

•  Ovarian cancer: Bloating, pelvic pain, feeling full quickly  
•  Colorectal cancer: Blood in stool, bowel changes, unexplained anemia  
•  Breast cancer: New lumps, skin changes, nipple discharge  

6. Keep up with screenings

•  Breast: Mammogram from age 40 (earlier with family history)  
•  Colon: Colonoscopy from age 45 (or earlier if high risk)  
•  Ovarian: No standard screening for the general population, but high-risk women may need pelvic ultrasound + CA-125 monitoring  

🎯 One diagnosis in a family is a signal for everyone to check, protect, and take action.