"During pregnancy, bathroom trips become a full-time job 🚽😂

Blame the growing baby pressing on the bladder — even the tiniest sip of water feels like a whole gallon! 💧🤰

It’s one of the most common pregnancy jokes, but it’s also one of the most common realities.

And while it might be funny to count your bathroom visits (sometimes 10+ times a day 😅), it’s actually a normal and healthy sign that your body is working hard to support both mama and baby."

🌸 Guidelines – Coping with Frequent Urination in Pregnancy

1. Stay hydrated 💧 – don’t cut down on water to avoid peeing, your body (and your baby) still need it.

2. Reduce caffeine ☕ – tea, coffee, and sodas can increase urine production.

3. Empty fully 🚽 – lean slightly forward when peeing to help the bladder empty better.

4. Go regularly – don’t “hold it in,” it can increase the risk of urinary tract infections.

5. Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) 💪 – they help strengthen the bladder muscles and reduce leakage.

6. When to see a doctor: if you feel pain, burning, blood in urine, or sudden increase in frequency beyond the usual.

✨ Pregnancy teaches us patience… and the fastest routes to every bathroom around! 😂

#FunnyFridays #DrRababCares

 #PregnancyJourney #ForestParkHospital

 Family Planning Series – Week 6: 

Bilateral Tubal Ligation (BTL)

🔹 What is BTL?  

Bilateral Tubal Ligation (BTL) is a permanent surgical method of contraception where the fallopian tubes are blocked, tied, or sealed to prevent the egg from meeting sperm.  

🔹 How is it done?

•  Laparoscopic: using a camera and small incisions.  
•  Mini-laparotomy:small abdominal incision, often after childbirth.  
•  Laparotomy:usually combined with other abdominal surgeries (e.g., C-section).  

🔹 Advantages:

•  Highly effective (>99%).  
•  One-time procedure – no daily pills or injections.  
•  Does not affect hormones, so natural periods continue.  
• Can be safely done immediately after delivery (C-section or vaginal).  

🔹 Disadvantages / Possible Side Effects:

- Permanent – reversal is very difficult.  

- Small surgical risks (bleeding, infection, anesthesia).  

- No protection against STIs/HIV.  

- Some women may experience:  

  - Heavier menstrual flow

  - Pelvic congestion (chronic pelvic pain or fullness)  

  - Rare failure, which increases risk of ectopic pregnancy.  

🔹 Counseling is essential

- Both partners should be counseled thoroughly before the procedure.  

- The woman must clearly understand the permanent nature.  

- Consent is mandatory according to **WHO and ACOG guidelines**.  

🔹 Who can consider it?

- Women who have completed their families.  

- Women with medical conditions where pregnancy would be dangerous.  

👉 Key message:

BTL is safe, effective, and permanent – but requires good counseling for the couple before making the decision.

#DrRababCares 

#FamilyPlanning #TubalLigation #BTL #Contraception #WomensHealth 

#ObGyn #ReproductiveHealth #DrRababCares #ForestParkHospital 

#LusakaHealth #PermanentContraception #GynecologyCare

 Understanding Blighted Ovum Pregnancy

A blighted ovum(also called an anembryonic pregnancy)

 happens when a pregnancy sac develops inside the uterus, but the embryo does not grow or stops very early. It is one of the most common causes of early miscarriage.  

🔹 Why does it happen?

1.  Chromosomal abnormalities (the most frequent cause).  
2.  Poor egg or sperm quality.  
3.  Problems with implantation.  
4.  Rarely due to infections or other health conditions.  
5.  Risk increases with maternal age.  

🔹 Can it be prevented?

In most cases, it is a random event and cannot be completely avoided.  

But you can reduce the risk by:  

•  Doing preconception health checks.  
•  Taking folic acid before pregnancy.  
•  Maintaining a healthy lifestyle (balanced diet, exercise, no smoking/alcohol).  
•  If recurrent miscarriages happen, both partners may need chromosomal testing.  

🔹 Guidelines for management (ACOG/RCOG):

Diagnosis is usually made by transvaginal ultrasound.  

Management options include:  

•  Expectant:waiting for natural miscarriage.  
•  Medical: using medication like misoprostol. 
•  Surgical: D&C or vacuum aspiration.  

✨ Most women who experience a blighted ovum can still have a completely normal pregnancy in the future.

💬 As an obstetrician, I always remind my patients that this is not their fault — it’s nature’s way of protecting the body. With care and hope, future pregnancies are usually successful. 🌿💙  

#DrRababCares  

#WomenHealthMatters  

#ObstetricsAndGynecology  

#EarlyPregnancyLoss  

#BlightedOvum  

#MiscarriageAwareness  

#PregnancyCare  

#WomenSupportWomen  

#MaternalHealth  

#ForestParkHospital  

#ZambiaHealth  

#HopeAfterLoss  

#HealingJourney

 🤝 A man’s role in women’s health is powerful — but the truth is, real change only happens when men AND women stand together.  

Too often, women carry the weight of their health silently. But when the people around them step up with support, the impact is life-changing.  

💭 Stories that I have witnessed:  

- A husband noticed his wife was pale and exhausted. Instead of dismissing it as “normal,” he encouraged her to do a blood test. The result was anemia, and early treatment prevented serious complications.  

- A father who brought his teenage daughter for her first HPV vaccine. He said: “I want to protect her future.” That moment of courage could save her life decades later.  

- A brother listened carefully when his sister described painful periods. He didn’t laugh or ignore her. He said: “Let’s see a doctor.” She was later diagnosed with endometriosis — and for the first time, she felt heard.  

- A friend who simply stayed present when a new mother was crying from exhaustion. He didn’t give advice, he just said: “You’re not alone.” That comfort was more powerful than any medicine.  

✨ These stories teach us something important:  

Support doesn’t always mean money, or big decisions. Sometimes it’s in the little things: listening, encouraging, being present.  

📌 Guidelines for BOTH men and women to support women’s health:  

1️⃣ Encourage regular checkups – Prevention saves lives.  

2️⃣ Share responsibilities – at home and in the workplace. Stress relief is healthcare too.  

3️⃣ Promote healthy habits together – exercise, meals, and rest.  

4️⃣ Stand against violence and myths – cultural silence harms, but courage heals.  

5️⃣ Offer emotional presence – Listening is not weakness; it is strength.  

🌸 Women’s health is not just a “women’s issue.” It is a family issue. A community issue. A human issue.  

When men and women work hand-in-hand — as partners, fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, friends — the result is stronger families, healthier communities, and a brighter future.  

💡 Let’s choose respect. Let’s choose support. Let’s choose a society where women feel safe, valued, and cared for.  

Together, we can break harmful traditions, give women a louder voice, and create a culture of dignity.  

#DrRababCares 

#WomenHealthMatters #ForestParkHospital #GenderEquality #HealthyFamilies

 📌 Dysmenorrhea Overview ( painful menstruation)

🔹 Primary Dysmenorrhea

Definition: Painful menstruation without an underlying pelvic pathology.

Cause: Prostaglandin release during menstruation → ↑ uterine contractions → ischemia & pain.

Onset: Typically begins within 1–2 years of menarche.

Symptoms: Cramping lower abdominal pain, may radiate to back or thighs, often accompanied by nausea, diarrhea, headache.

🔹 Secondary Dysmenorrhea

Definition: Menstrual pain caused by an identifiable pelvic pathology.

Common causes:

• Endometriosis
• Adenomyosis
• Fibroids
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
• Ovarian cysts or IUD-related pain

Onset: Later in reproductive life, pain often worsens over time and may persist outside menstruation.

📌 How to Reduce Dysmenorrhea (Guidelines & Tips)

✅ Lifestyle & Home Remedies

1. Heat therapy: Hot water bottle/heating pad to abdomen or lower back.

2. Exercise: Regular aerobic activity & stretching reduce cramps.

3. Diet: Reduce caffeine, salty and fatty foods. Increase fruits, vegetables, omega-3.

4. Hydration & warm herbal teas: Ginger, chamomile, cinnamon.

5. Stress reduction: Yoga, meditation, proper sleep.

✅ Medical Management (Guideline-based)

First line:

NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen, Mefenamic acid) – best started 24 hrs before expected period & continued 48–72 hrs.

Hormonal therapy:

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs).

Progestin-only options or LNG-IUD (effective in secondary dysmenorrhea, e.g., endometriosis).

Other options:

Tranexamic acid (for heavy bleeding + pain).

Magnesium & Vitamin B  ,  E supplements (supportive).

Secondary dysmenorrhea:

Treat underlying cause (e.g., surgery for fibroids, laparoscopy for endometriosis).

⚠️ When to Refer

Severe pain not responding to NSAIDs/COCs.

Pain associated with infertility, irregular bleeding, pelvic mass.

Suspected endometriosis or adenomyosis.

✨ Women’s health matters. Don’t ignore your pain. ✨  

#DrRababCares 

#WomenHealthMatters #Dysmenorrhea #ForestParkHospital

 🇿🇲 Happy 61st Independence Day, Zambia! 🇿🇲

Today, we celebrate more than six decades of freedom, unity, and resilience.

Zambia’s independence is not just history — it is a living story of peace, strength, and togetherness.

As someone who has made Zambia home, I feel proud to witness and share in the values that make this nation truly special: warmth, unity, and hope for the future.

Here’s to 61 years of independence, and to many more years of growth and prosperity for this beautiful country.

💚🧡🖤❤️ Happy Independence Day to all Zambians — let’s keep flying high, like the eagle that inspires us! 🦅

#IndependenceDay #ZambiaAt61 #Unity #Peace #Freedom

#DrRababCares

 Family Planning Series – Week 5:

 Contraceptive Implants 

Contraceptive implants are small, flexible rods inserted under the skin of a woman’s upper arm. They slowly release a hormone (progestin) to prevent pregnancy.  

⏳ Duration  

- 3 years: Single-rod implant (e.g., Implanon/Nexplanon).  

- 5 years: Two-rod implants (e.g., Jadelle).  

⚙️ How do they work?  

1. Prevent ovulation.  

2. Thicken cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to reach the egg.  

3. Thin the uterine lining, reducing the chance of implantation.  

🌟 Advantages  

✅ Highly effective (>99%).  

✅ Long-term protection (3–5 years).  

✅ No daily pill needed.  

✅ Rapid return of fertility after removal.  

✅ Safe for breastfeeding women and for those who cannot take estrogen.  

⚠️ Disadvantages / Side effects  

- Irregular bleeding or spotting (especially in the first 6–12 months).  

- Headaches, mood changes, or acne.  

- Possible weight changes or breast tenderness.  

- Requires trained provider for insertion and removal.  

- Does not protect against HIV/STIs (condoms are still essential).  

📋 Clinical Guidelines  

- Before insertion: Take a medical history, rule out pregnancy, and provide counseling.  

- Timing of insertion:  

   • Within first 5 days of cycle → protection is immediate.  

   • At any other time → use backup (condoms) for 7 days.  

- Special groups: Safe for breastfeeding (from 6 weeks postpartum).  

- Follow-up: 

Only if side effects occur. Removal/replacement must be done by a trained provider.  

- Seek medical advice if: bleeding is heavy, implant is not palpable, or severe side effects occur.  

💡 Key Message  

Implants are one of the most reliable and low-maintenance family planning methods, ideal for women seeking long-term contraception without daily effort. Always consult your doctor to confirm if this method is right for you.  

#DrRababCares

 #FamilyPlanning #ContraceptiveImplant #WomensHealth #ForestParkHospital #OBGYN #Lusaka

 Puberty in Girls – A Guide for Mothers

Puberty is one of the most delicate transitions in a girl’s life. For mothers, being present, open, and supportive makes all the difference. 

👩‍🦰 What to expect:

• Starts between 8–13 years.
• First signs: breast buds, hair growth, growth spurt, mood changes.
• Periods begin 2–3 years after breast development, often irregular at first.

💡 Guidelines for Mothers:

1️⃣ Prepare early – Talk about puberty before the changes start.

2️⃣ Normalize the experience – Tell her: “Every girl goes through this, you’re not alone.”

3️⃣ Explain menstruation – Show how to use pads, discuss hygiene and self-care.

4️⃣ Respect privacy – She may need space, but remind her you are always there.

5️⃣ Support emotions – Listen with patience. Mood swings are not misbehavior, they are part of growth.

6️⃣ Promote body positivity – Every girl grows differently. No comparisons, no shame.

7️⃣ Be the safe space – Let her ask questions without fear or judgment.

✨ Every girl deserves to step into womanhood with confidence, knowledge, and dignity — not fear.

#DrRababCares 

#PubertyAwareness #GirlsHealth #ParentingTips #WomenHealthMatters #ForestParkHospital #LusakaGynae

 Post-Spinal Headache & Leg Swelling After Cesarean Delivery

1️⃣ Post-Spinal Headache

• A common complication after spinal anesthesia in cesarean deliveries.
• Incidence: Up to 1–2% of women
• Pathophysiology: Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the puncture site reduces intracranial pressure.
• Risk factors: Young age, female sex, multiple puncture attempts, larger needle gauge.

Clinical Features:

• Headache worsens when upright, improves when lying flat.
• Associated with neck stiffness, nausea, tinnitus, diplopia.

Guideline-Based Management (RCOA, ACOG):

1. Conservative: Bed rest, hydration, analgesics, oral/IV caffeine.
2. If headache persists >48 hrs or is severe → Epidural Blood Patch (gold standard).
3. Exclude differential diagnoses: meningitis, migraine, preeclampsia.

2️⃣ Postpartum Leg Swelling

• Physiological: Mild, bilateral swelling due to fluid retention and hormonal changes.
• Pathological concern: Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).

Risk factors (RCOG – Green-top Guidelines):

• Cesarean section
• Obesity
• Prolonged immobility
• Previous history of thrombosis
• Preeclampsia, infection, dehydration
• Red-Flag Symptoms of DVT:
• Unilateral swelling (≥2 cm difference)
• Pain, warmth, redness in calf or thigh
• Shortness of breath or chest pain (suggesting pulmonary embolism)

Guideline-Based Approach:

• All post-cesarean women should have VTE risk assessment.
• Prophylaxis: Early mobilization, adequate hydration, compression stockings.
• Pharmacological prophylaxis (LMWH) for high-risk patients as per RCOG/ACOG protocols.
• Urgent referral if DVT/PE suspected — diagnostic Doppler and anticoagulation.

✅ Take-home message:

• Post-spinal headache is treatable, but don’t ignore persistent or severe symptoms.
• Leg swelling is often benign but can signal life-threatening VTE.
• Early recognition, patient education, and guideline-based management save lives.

#DrRababCares 

#MaternalHealth #CesareanRecovery #PostSpinalHeadache #DVTawareness #ForestParkHospital #WomenHealthMatters #OBGYN #LusakaGynae

 October is Accreta Awareness Month 

October 15th, I had one of the most challenging moments in my practice.

A young mother diagnosed during antenatal visits  with placenta previa accreta, complicated by bleeding Antepartum hemorrhage (APH).

It was a battle against time, against blood loss, and against fear.

By Allah/God’s grace, the surgery was successful. The baby was born safely, and the mother is now stable. 

After the surgery, when I asked her how she felt, she whispered with tears in her eyes:

“Still alive.”

This simple phrase reminded me how fragile life can be — and how precious.

This is not just a story about one patient — it’s a reminder of how serious Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) disorders can be.

They remain one of the major causes of life-threatening obstetric hemorrhage worldwide.

🔹 Early diagnosis (antenatal ultrasound, MRI in some cases) saves lives.

🔹 Multidisciplinary planning (obstetricians, anesthetists, surgeons, NICU) is crucial.

🔹 Blood availability & surgical readiness can make the difference between life and death.

As we mark Accreta Awareness Month 2025, let’s raise our voices for:

• Better access to antenatal care.
• Improved training for healthcare workers.
• Support for mothers and families going through this difficult journey.
• Every life saved is worth every effort.
• Today, I thank God for giving me the strength to be part of such a moment.

#DrRababCares 

#AccretaAwarenessMonth #PAS #MaternalHealth 

 #ForestParkHospital

 "Who said pregnancy slows women down? 😅👟

On October 5, 2025, Venezuelan Olympic runner Joselyn Brea shocked the world when she ran the Gatorade Caracas Rock 10K while 7 months pregnant — finishing in just 40 minutes and 31 seconds! 🤰✨

If that’s not Super-Mama energy, then what is? 💪💖"

 Guidelines for Safe Exercise in Pregnancy

Always ask your doctor first before starting or continuing exercise.

Choose safe activities like walking, swimming, or prenatal yoga.

Avoid overheating and dehydration — water is your best friend 💧.

Listen to your body: stop if you feel dizzy, pain, or shortness of breath.

Remember: Pregnancy is not about records, it’s about balance and health ❤️.

#FunnyFridays 

#DrRababCares 

#PregnancyPower #ForestParkHospital

 Family Planning Series (Week 4)

🌸 Family Planning Series – Week 4: Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) 🌸

An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small T-shaped device placed inside the uterus by a trained healthcare provider. It is one of the most effective, reversible, and long-acting contraceptive methods worldwide.

🔹 Types of IUDs:

1️⃣ Copper IUDs (Non-hormonal)

• Copper T 380A → effective for up to 10 years.
• Multiload IUD → curved design, better fit to the uterus, effective 5–10 years.
• Silver IUD → copper with added silver core to reduce corrosion, effective for about 5 years.
• Gold IUD → marketed in some regions, lifespan 5–10 years depending on brand.

2️⃣ Hormonal IUDs (Levonorgestrel IUS – e.g., Mirena, Kyleena, Jaydess)

• Release a small amount of hormone locally.
• Effective for 3–5 years depending on the brand.

🔹 How do they work?

Copper IUDs: copper ions are toxic to sperm → prevent fertilization and implantation.

Hormonal IUDs: thicken cervical mucus, thin the endometrium, and sometimes suppress ovulation.

✅ Advantages:

• Over 99% effective.
• Long-acting → “fit and forget.”
• Fertility returns quickly after removal.
• Copper IUD can also be used as emergency contraception (within 5 days).

⚠️ Disadvantages:

• Copper IUD: heavier or more painful periods at first.
• Hormonal IUD: spotting, irregular bleeding, mood changes.
• Small risk of perforation or expulsion (rare).
• Requires insertion by a skilled provider.

🔹 Non–Family Planning Uses of the Hormonal IUD:

• The hormonal IUD is not only for contraception — it has proven therapeutic benefits:
• Management of heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia).
• Treatment for endometriosis-related pain.
• Protection of the endometrium in women using estrogen therapy.
• Sometimes used in adenomyosis to reduce symptoms.

📖 Guideline Note (WHO MEC):

• IUDs are safe for most women, including adolescents and women who have not given birth.
• Contraindicated in women with pelvic infection, unexplained bleeding, or uterine abnormalities.

💡 Key Message:

IUDs come in many types — copper, silver, gold, multiload, or hormonal — giving women safe and long-term choices.

The hormonal IUD goes beyond family planning, offering real health benefits in managing gynecological conditions.

But remember: IUDs do not protect against HIV or STIs. Condoms remain essential for dual protection.

#DrRababCares 

#FamilyPlanning #IUD #Contraception #WomensHealth #ForestParkHospital

 Pelvic Floor Health – Evidence-Based Guidance

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and connective tissue that support the bladder, uterus, vagina, and rectum. When weakened, women may suffer from incontinence, prolapse, sexual dysfunction, and chronic pelvic pain.

🔎 Why do pelvic floor problems happen?

• Pregnancy and vaginal delivery
• Menopause (low estrogen)
• Obesity and chronic straining (constipation, heavy lifting, chronic cough)
• Aging
• Pelvic surgery

⚠️ Symptoms to watch for

• Urinary leakage, especially when coughing or sneezing
• Vaginal bulge or heaviness
• Back or pelvic pain
• Difficulty emptying bladder or bowels
• Decreased sexual sensation

📋 Guideline-Based Approach

🔹 1. Prevention & Lifestyle (First-line for all women)

• Daily pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT/Kegels) – recommended by NICE & ACOG.
• Avoid constipation: high-fiber diet, hydration.
• Weight management.
• Postpartum: early screening & start PFMT within 6–12 weeks.
• Stop smoking (chronic cough worsens prolapse).

🔹 2. Non-Surgical Interventions

• Pessary: silicone device inserted to support the vagina, especially for women not fit for surgery.
• HIFU (High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound): emerging, minimally invasive option for mild prolapse/vaginal laxity.
• Topical estrogen (post-menopause): improves tissue quality and reduces symptoms.

🔹 3. Surgical Management (for advanced cases, Stage III–IV POP-Q)

• Anterior or posterior colporrhaphy (vaginal wall repair).
• Hysterectomy or uterine-sparing surgeries.
• Sacrocolpopexy (mesh repair, abdominal approach).
• Chosen based on patient’s age, fertility wishes, severity, and comorbidities.

🔹 4. Follow-up

• Reassess every 6–12 months for symptom progression.
• Monitor for recurrence or complications.

🌷 Key Takeaway

Pelvic floor health is not only about avoiding prolapse — it’s about protecting women’s comfort, dignity, and quality of life. With early prevention, proper assessment, and individualized care, most women can avoid long-term complications.

📚 References

RCOG Green-top Guideline No. 46: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (2015)

ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 214: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (2019)

NICE Guidance NG123: Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women (2019)

#DrRababCares 

#PelvicFloorHealth #WomenHealthMatters #EvidenceBasedCare #ForestParkHospital #Lusaka

 Fresh News – A Global Step for Women’s Health!

Just this week, the Karnataka Government (India) approved the Menstrual Leave Policy 2025

— giving women 1 paid day of leave every month across government and private sectors.  

Here in Zambia, we already have Mother’s Day Leave — one day each month for all women workers.  

💡 What does this mean?  

It shows that women’s health is finally being recognized as a priority at the workplace.  

It is about dignity, inclusion, and respect for women’s natural biology and roles.  

When two very different regions — India and Zambia — embrace similar ideas, the message is powerful:  

👉 Women everywhere deserve workplaces that value compassion and equality, not only productivity.  

As an obstetrician & women’s health advocate in Lusaka, I truly believe such policies should be celebrated and expanded globally.  

#DrRababCares

 #WomenHealthMatters #WorkplaceWellbeing #GenderEquality #Zambia #India #LeadershipWithCompassion

 🤔

Pregnant women often have a superhero-level sense of smell .

That’s why even the tiniest whiff of food, perfume, or… your husband’s cologne 😅 can feel too much!

Some mamas joke that they can smell dinner being cooked from the neighbor’s house 🍲😂.

So if she suddenly hates your favorite perfume or can’t stand the smell of coffee ☕️ — don’t take it personal… blame the hormones!

Guidelines for Managing Strong Smells in Pregnancy

1. Avoid strong perfumes & harsh chemicals 🚫🧴.
2. Keep the house ventilated 🌬️ — fresh air makes a big difference.
3. Eat small, frequent meals 🍎🥪 to ease nausea.
4. Use natural scents like lemon 🍋 or mint 🌿 to mask odors.
5. Talk to your doctor if nausea or vomiting is severe.
6. ✨ Pregnancy nose: better than any perfume tester at the mall! 😍👃💖

#FunnyFridays #DrRababCares #PregnancyJourney #WomensHealth

 Family Planning Series – Week 3: Local / Topical Methods & HIV Prevention 

Family planning isn’t only about avoiding pregnancy — it’s about protecting health and making safe choices for the future.

🔹 Local / Topical Methods in Family Planning

These are methods used directly in the vagina before intercourse:

• Spermicides (gels, foams, creams).
• Vaginal suppositories (pessaries) with spermicide.
• Vaginal sponge or diaphragm with spermicide.

👉 All of these methods help prevent pregnancy by killing sperm or blocking them — but ❌ they do not protect against HIV or other STIs.

Sometimes they may even irritate vaginal tissues, which can increase the risk of infection.

🔹 Condoms: The Only Dual Protection

• Male condoms and female condoms protect against both pregnancy and HIV/STIs.
• Consistent and correct condom use reduces HIV transmission risk by >90%.
• Condoms remain the cornerstone of HIV prevention worldwide.

🔹 If exposure already happened (unprotected sex, condom break):

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP):

✔ Start as soon as possible, within 72 hours.

✔ 28-day course of antiretroviral drugs.

✔ Available in hospitals and HIV clinics.

✔ Follow-up HIV testing is required.

💡 Key Message for Youth:

Pills, injections, implants, local gels or suppositories = pregnancy prevention only.

Condoms are the only family planning tool that also protects from HIV/STIs.

After risky exposure, PEP is your safety net — but timing is critical.

#DrRababCares 

#FamilyPlanning #HIVPrevention #YouthHealth #Condoms #PEP #WomensHealth #ForestParkHospital

🔴 Antepartum Bleeding: A Serious Warning in Pregnancy

Pregnancy is usually a joyful journey, but sometimes unexpected events can put both the mother and the baby at risk.

One of the most important emergencies is Antepartum Bleeding (APB) – defined as any vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks of pregnancy and before delivery.

👉 Even small amounts of bleeding should never be ignored.

👩‍🍼 For Mothers – Awareness Matters

Antepartum bleeding can be frightening. The most important thing is to know when to act immediately:

⚠️ Seek urgent hospital care if you notice:

• Any bleeding (spotting, trickle, or heavy).
• Abdominal pain, cramps, or contractions.
• Decreased or no fetal movements.
• Dizziness, fainting, or weakness.

💡 Remember: In pregnancy, vaginal bleeding is never “normal” after 20 weeks. Quick action saves lives.

🩺 For Doctors – Clinical Guidelines

1️⃣ Resuscitation comes first

• ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation).
• Establish 2 wide-bore IV lines, take blood samples (Hb, coagulation, cross-match).
• Start IV fluids and prepare for blood transfusion if needed.
• Continuous maternal monitoring (BP, HR, urine output).

2️⃣ Assessment

• History: pain? trauma? previous cesarean section? hypertension?
• Fetal wellbeing: cardiotocography (CTG), ultrasound, Doppler.
• NEVER perform vaginal exam if placenta previa is suspected – it may cause catastrophic bleeding.

3️⃣ Main Causes

• Placenta Previa – placenta lies low, covering cervix.
  • Presentation: painless, recurrent, bright red bleeding.
• Placental Abruption – premature separation of placenta.
  • Presentation: painful, dark bleeding, hard tender uterus, fetal distress.
• Vasa Previa – fetal vessels crossing membranes over cervix.
  • Presentation: sudden painless bleeding after membrane rupture, fetal bradycardia/distress.
• Other causes – cervical lesions, trauma, infection.

4️⃣ Management Principles

• Admit to hospital, stabilize mother first.
• Decide timing & mode of delivery based on maternal condition, fetal status, gestational age, and severity of bleeding.
• Cesarean delivery is often required for major placenta previa, severe abruption, or vasa previa.
• Multidisciplinary approach: obstetrician, anesthetist, neonatologist, blood bank support.

🔑 Key Take-Home Message

• Antepartum bleeding is a red flag.

• Delay in management increases the risk of maternal hemorrhage, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), stillbirth, or neonatal death.
• 
  
• Every woman should seek immediate care if she notices bleeding in late pregnancy.
• Every clinician should prioritize
• 
  
•  stabilization, diagnosis, and safe delivery planning.

✨ Together, we can reduce maternal and perinatal mortality.
👉 Raising awareness + following evidence-based guidelines = saving two lives: the mother and her baby.

🔖 Hashtags:
#AntepartumBleeding #MaternalHealth #Obstetrics #PregnancyCare #WomenHealth #DrRababCare

Every woman experiences vaginal discharge — it’s the body’s natural way of keeping the vagina clean and healthy. But how can you tell if it’s normal or a sign of infection?  

 ✅ Normal Discharge  

•  Clear or whitish  
• - Mild smell (or no smell)  
• - Changes with the menstrual cycle (thicker around ovulation, lighter at other times)  

👉 Normal discharge = healthy, no treatment needed.  

 ⚠️ Warning Signs – When to Seek Medical Advice  

See your doctor if you notice:  

1.  Yellow, green, or gray discharge  
2.  Strong, unpleasant or fishy odor  
3.  Itching, burning, or swelling around the vagina  
4.  Pelvic or abdominal pain  
5.  Blood-stained discharge outside your period or after menopause  
6.  Recurrent abnormal changes despite home care  

🌿 The Role of Lactobacillus  

The vagina is normally rich in lactobacillus, a “good bacteria” that:  

•  Produces lactic acid → keeps the vaginal pH acidic (3.8–4.5)  
•  Prevents harmful organisms like candida and BV  
•  Supports a self-cleaning, protective environment  

When lactobacillus is disrupted (due to unnecessary antibiotics, poor hygiene, douching, or uncontrolled diabetes), women may develop:  

•  Abnormal discharge  
•  Odor  
•  Recurrent infections  

 📌 Guideline-based advice (CDC/WHO):  

• Avoid vaginal douching or harsh soaps — they disturb the natural balance.  
•  Choose cotton underwear & breathable fabrics.  
•  Probiotics and a balanced diet can support vaginal flora.  
•  Early consultation prevents small issues from becoming big problems.  

✨ Key message:

Normal discharge is a sign of health. Unusual changes are warning signals — don’t ignore them. Protect your lactobacillus, protect your vaginal health.  

#DrRababCares 

#WomensHealth #VaginalDischarge #Lactobacillus #ForestParkHospital #Gynecology #WomenHealthMatters #HealthyLiving

HIFU & Vaginal Prolapse – Evidence-Based Guidance

Vaginal prolapse is when the pelvic organs (bladder, uterus, rectum) drop into or outside the vaginal canal because of weakened support structures.
It’s common after childbirth, aging, menopause, obesity, and chronic straining.

Traditionally managed by pelvic floor training, pessaries, or surgery, new non-invasive methods like HIFU (High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound) are gaining attention.

🔎 How HIFU Works

• Uses focused ultrasound energy to heat deep vaginal tissue.
• Stimulates collagen and elastin production → tighter and stronger vaginal walls.
• Helpful in mild prolapse, vaginal laxity, and sexual dysfunction.

📋 Guideline-Based Approach

🔹 Step 1 – Assessment (POP-Q system)

• Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) is the standard for grading severity (Stage I–IV).
• Clinical exam + patient symptoms should guide treatment.
  (RCOG Green-top Guideline No. 46, 2015)

🔹 Step 2 – Management according to stage

• Stage I–II (Mild prolapse):

  • Lifestyle measures: weight control, avoid heavy lifting/constipation, stop smoking.
  • Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) – recommended first-line.
  • Vaginal pessaries for symptom relief.
  • HIFU may be considered as a non-invasive supportive treatment.

• Stage III–IV (Moderate to Severe):

  • Surgical repair is gold standard (e.g., anterior/posterior colporrhaphy, hysterectomy, sacrocolpopexy).
  • HIFU not recommended as primary treatment in advanced prolapse.
    (ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 214, 2019; NICE Interventional Procedure Guidance IPG623, 2018)

🔹 Step 3 – Follow-up

• Reassess every 6–12 months.
• Monitor for recurrence or progression.

🌷 Key Takeaway

HIFU is a safe, minimally invasive option for women with mild vaginal prolapse and can improve quality of life.
But for moderate to severe prolapse, surgery remains the gold standard.
Always seek specialist evaluation for an individualized treatment plan.

#DrRababCares

 #VaginalProlapse #HIFU #PelvicHealth #ForestParkHospital 

Ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancers are not entirely separate stories — sometimes, they share the same genetic roots.  

 🧬 The Hidden Link

Two important inherited genetic conditions explain why a history of one cancer in the family can mean a higher risk of the others:  

1️⃣ BRCA1 & BRCA2 mutations

• Famous for increasing breast and ovarian cancer risk  
•  Can also slightly raise the risk of colorectal cancer  
•  Can be passed from either parent — meaning men can be carriers too  

2️⃣ Lynch Syndrome (Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer)

•  Significantly increases the risk of colorectal cancer  
•  Also linked to ovarian, endometrial, and sometimes breast cancer  

 📣 Why this matters

- If your mother, sister, father, or brother had breast, ovarian, or colon cancer — especially before age 50 — your own screening plan may need to start earlier  

- A family diagnosis is not just a personal tragedy — it’s a warning sign for everyone else in the family  

💙 Prevention & Early Detection Tips  

1. Know your family story

📝 Create a simple family health tree — include types of cancer, ages at diagnosis, and relationship.  

2. Talk to your doctor

💬 Share your family history, even if you feel healthy. It changes your screening recommendations.  

3. Consider genetic counseling

🔬 A simple blood or saliva test can reveal BRCA or Lynch mutations and guide your prevention plan.  

4. Healthy lifestyle habits

🥗 Maintain a balanced diet high in fiber and low in processed foods  

🏃‍♀️ Stay physically active  

🚭 Avoid smoking and limit alcohol  

5. Don’t ignore persistent symptoms

•  Ovarian cancer: Bloating, pelvic pain, feeling full quickly  
•  Colorectal cancer: Blood in stool, bowel changes, unexplained anemia  
•  Breast cancer: New lumps, skin changes, nipple discharge  

6. Keep up with screenings

•  Breast: Mammogram from age 40 (earlier with family history)  
•  Colon: Colonoscopy from age 45 (or earlier if high risk)  
•  Ovarian: No standard screening for the general population, but high-risk women may need pelvic ultrasound + CA-125 monitoring  

🎯 One diagnosis in a family is a signal for everyone to check, protect, and take action.

 🌸 Family Planning Series – Week 2: Progestin-only Pills (POPs) & Emergency Pills 🌸

Not all contraceptive pills are the same. Today we focus on two important types:

🔹 1. Progestin-only Pills (POPs – “Mini pill”)

• Composition: contain only progestin (no estrogen).
• How they work: mainly thicken cervical mucus, thin the endometrium, sometimes suppress ovulation.

Best for:

1. Breastfeeding mothers.
2. Women who cannot take estrogen (e.g., smokers >35, clotting disorders).
3. Key point: must be taken at the same time every day. Missing a pill by >3 hours can reduce effectiveness.

✅ Advantages: Safe during lactation, fewer contraindications.

⚠️ Disadvantages: Irregular bleeding, strict timing.

🔹 2. Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs)

Purpose: prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure.

Types:

• Levonorgestrel (LNG): most effective within 72 hrs.
• Ulipristal acetate: up to 5 days after unprotected sex.
• How they work: delay ovulation; do not terminate pregnancy.
• Key point: the earlier they are taken, the more effective.

✅ Advantages: last-chance protection, widely available.

⚠️ Disadvantages: not for regular use, may cause nausea/irregular bleeding.

  ⏳Postdate Pregnancy – When Pregnancy Goes Beyond the Due Date

Most pregnancies end between 37–40 weeks. However, about 5–10% of women remain pregnant beyond 42 weeks — what we call post-term pregnancy.

⚠️ Why it matters:

• Placental function can decline after 41–42 weeks.
• Amniotic fluid volume decreases, raising the risk of cord compression.
• The risk of stillbirth increases gradually after 41 weeks (from around 1–2 per 1,000 at 40 weeks to 2–3 per 1,000 after 42 weeks).
• Larger baby size raises the chance of shoulder dystocia and cesarean delivery.

📌 Guidelines (ACOG / NICE / RCOG):

40 weeks onward: 

Weekly or bi-weekly monitoring with ultrasound (AFI), Doppler if indicated, and non-stress tests (CTG).

Induction of labor: 

Recommended at 41+0 to 42+0 weeks, as induction at this stage reduces the risk of stillbirth without significantly increasing cesarean rates.

Expectant management: 

Can be considered if monitoring is reassuring, but not beyond 42 weeks.

📊 Evidence:

Studies show that induction at 41 weeks lowers perinatal mortality and morbidity compared with waiting longer.

Cesarean delivery rates are not significantly higher with induction compared to waiting for spontaneous labor.

👩‍⚕️ Message for mothers:

It’s normal to go a little past your due date — but don’t skip monitoring.

If your pregnancy reaches 41 weeks, talk to your doctor about induction.

Every day after 41 weeks needs close observation to ensure baby’s safety.

🌸 Pregnancy is a journey full of patience and hope, but making decisions at the right time is what keeps both mother and baby safe.

During pregnancy, your body works harder than ever — your blood volume increases, your baby’s cells are forming, and your organs are supporting two lives.

Drinking enough water is not just about avoiding thirst; it plays a key role in your baby’s growth and your own comfort.

Why water matters during pregnancy:

🫀 Supports circulation — helps deliver oxygen and nutrients to your baby.

🌊 Maintains healthy amniotic fluid levels — essential for your baby’s movement and protection.

🚫 Prevents constipation — keeps your digestive system moving smoothly.

🦠 Reduces the risk of urinary tract infections — flushing out bacteria naturally.

🌡 Helps regulate body temperature — important when your body is working extra hard.

💆‍♀️ Eases swelling — good hydration can help reduce water retention in ankles and hands.

⚠️ Did you know? Even mild dehydration in pregnancy can cause headaches, dizziness, and increase the risk of preterm contractions — so don’t wait until you’re thirsty to drink.

Tip: Aim for 8–10 glasses a day, spread throughout your day, and choose water over sugary or caffeinated drinks 

 We remind every mom-to-be that small daily habits make the biggest difference for a healthy pregnancy. 🌸

#DrRababCares

 #PregnancyHealth 

#WomenHealthMatters

 #LusakaGynae 

#HydrationForHealth

 #ForestParkHospital

 😂 Funny Fridays – The Heartburn Myth 😂

One of the funniest things I hear from moms-to-be is:

👉 “Doctor, my heartburn is so bad… it must mean my baby has a lot of hair!” 🙈

✨ Here’s the truth:

Heartburn in pregnancy has nothing to do with your baby’s hairstyle. It happens because pregnancy hormones — especially progesterone — relax the muscle that normally keeps stomach acid where it belongs. Add the growing uterus pressing on your stomach, and voilà: acid finds its way up, causing that burning feeling in the chest. 🔥

So no, your little one isn’t secretly growing Rapunzel’s hair inside your womb. 😅 What you’re feeling is simply one of the most common and temporary pregnancy symptoms.

💡 The good news? You can reduce heartburn by:

• Eating smaller, more frequent meals 🍲
• Avoiding lying down right after eating 🛏️
• Cutting down on very spicy, greasy, or acidic foods 🌶️🍋
• Keeping your head slightly elevated when you sleep 🌙

💙 Remember: Heartburn is uncomfortable, but it’s not dangerous, and it doesn’t predict your baby’s look. What it does remind us is that pregnancy is full of funny myths — and a lot of love, laughter, and learning.

#FunnyFridays 

#PregnancyMyths 

#OBGYN 

#DrRababCares 

#LusakaGynae 

#WomenHealthMatters

#ForestParkHospital

 💠 IUI – When a Gentle Push Makes All the Difference

1. Not every fertility case needs a complex, high-tech solution.
2. Sometimes, all it takes… is a timely and well-guided step forward.
3. That’s what IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) is all about.

🧬 What is IUI?

IUI is a simple, non-surgical fertility procedure where specially prepared sperm are placed directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation — giving them a better chance to reach the egg.

1. It’s quick.
2. It’s gentle.
3. It’s hopeful.

👩‍⚕️ When do we consider IUI?

✅ Mild male factor infertility (slightly low count or motility)

✅ Ovulation disorders or irregular cycles

✅ Cervical mucus issues

✅ Mild PCOS

✅ Unexplained infertility

✅ Use of frozen or donor sperm

🚫 When is IUI not recommended?

❌ Blocked fallopian tubes

❌ Severe sperm abnormalities

❌ Advanced endometriosis

❌ Poor ovarian reserve or age >38

❌ Failure of 3 or more IUI cycles

In such cases, IVF or ICSI might offer better outcomes.

📈 Success Rates

• On average: 10–20% per cycle
• May reach 25–30% with proper ovulation induction
• Cumulative success increases over 2–3 cycles
• Best outcomes in women under 35

🔍 How is it done?

• Ovulation tracking (naturally or with stimulation)
• Sperm preparation – selecting the best quality sperm
• Insertion via a soft catheter into the uterus
• Luteal phase support with progesterone
• Pregnancy test after 2 weeks
• The entire process is done in-clinic and takes just minutes — without anesthesia.

💬 A real-world story:

• A 29-year-old woman with 2 years of infertility and borderline sperm motility.
• We stimulated her ovulation with Letrozole, timed the insemination precisely, and performed IUI.
• Today, she's expecting — naturally, gently, and joyfully.
• Not every couple needs IVF.
• But every couple deserves the right assessment and the right plan.

#DrRababCares

#FertilityCare #IUI #GynecologyZambia #ForestParkHospital #InfertilitySupport #HopeStartsHere #LusakaGynae #WomensHealth

 🌈 Rainbow Baby – Hope After the Storm

A “Rainbow baby” is the child born after the storm of loss — following miscarriage, stillbirth, or neonatal death. 

Just like a rainbow appears after heavy rains, these babies bring back colors, joy, and healing into lives that were once clouded with grief. They do not erase the pain of the storm, but they remind us that light can return, even after the darkest skies.

In my practice, I have seen this miracle. A woman who faced repeated miscarriages finally carried her pregnancy to term. When she held her newborn for the first time, she whispered: “This is my rainbow after the storm.” 🌈👶 That baby wasn’t just a child — it was a symbol of faith, resilience, and new beginnings.

❌ Sometimes, people who don’t know the meaning misunderstand the term Rainbow baby. They may think it is just a “cute” expression, or even confuse it with unrelated symbolism. But in reality, it is a deeply emotional term used with compassion and respect for families who have endured loss and finally found hope again.

👣🌈 Every step tells a story. These tiny rainbow footprints are a reminder that even after loss, new beginnings are possible, and hope can walk back into our lives one step at a time.

✨ As doctors, we are reminded that medicine is not only about science and treatment; it is about standing with women in their storms, and celebrating with them when the rainbow finally appears.

💙 To every mother who has faced pregnancy loss: you are not alone. Your rainbow may still come, bringing light and hope after the storm. 🌈

#DrRababCares 

#RainbowBaby 

#PregnancyLoss 

#HopeAfterLoss #WomenHealthMatters #LusakaGynae 

#ForestParkHospital

 🌸 PCOS: More than just irregular periods

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 1 in 10 women worldwide.

It is not only about fertility — it also carries long-term health risks if left unmanaged.

Common symptoms many women ignore:

🔹 Irregular or absent periods

🔹 Acne, excess hair growth (hirsutism), or hair loss

🔹 Difficulty conceiving

🔹 Weight gain or insulin resistance

Too often, women are told:

👉 “It’s normal to skip periods.”

👉 “Just lose weight and you’ll be fine.”

👉 “You’re young, don’t worry.”

💔 But ignoring these signs means missing the chance to protect your fertility, heart, and metabolic health.

💡 Guidelines (ESHRE & Endocrine Society 2023):

✅ Diagnosis: Rotterdam criteria → any 2 of:

1. Irregular or absent ovulation

2. Clinical/biochemical hyperandrogenism

3. Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (≥20 follicles or ≥10 ml volume)

✅ First-line management:

Lifestyle modification (balanced diet + regular activity) = cornerstone.

COCs regulate cycles & reduce excess hair/acne.

Metformin helps with insulin resistance & weight control.

Letrozole = preferred for ovulation induction when pregnancy is desired.

✅ Long-term care:

Screen for diabetes, hypertension, cholesterol.

Don’t forget the emotional side — anxiety and depression are more common in PCOS.

💙 Key Message:

If you suspect PCOS, don’t wait. Early diagnosis and simple interventions can prevent complications, improve fertility, and give you control over your health.

✨ Remember: your symptoms are valid, and seeking help is the first step toward healing.

#DrRababCares 

#PCOSAwareness 

#WomenHealthMatters 

#LusakaGynae

 #ForestParkHospital #FertilityCare

 🌸 Menopause: Science, Care & Compassion

Menopause is a natural transition, not an illness. It usually happens between 45–55 years, when estrogen levels drop and the ovaries stop releasing eggs.

🔍 Symptoms many women face:

• Hot flashes & night sweats
• Mood swings, anxiety, or low mood
• Difficulty sleeping
• Vaginal dryness & intimacy challenges
• Higher risk of osteoporosis & heart disease

💡 Management – according to guidelines (NICE & ACOG):

🔹 Lifestyle & Prevention

• Healthy diet (calcium + vitamin D)
• Regular exercise: walking, yoga, resistance training
• Stop smoking, limit caffeine & alcohol

🔹 Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

• Gold standard for moderate–severe symptoms
• Most effective if started <60 years or within 10 years of menopause
• Benefits: reduces hot flashes, protects bones, improves sleep & mood
• Risks: slight ↑ risk of breast cancer or clotting (must be individualized)
• Review every 6–12 months

🔹 Non-Hormonal Options

• SSRIs/SNRIs, gabapentin, clonidine → help with hot flashes
• Vaginal estrogen or moisturizers → for dryness & sexual health
• SERMs or bisphosphonates → for bone health

💙 Support matters:

Menopause can feel overwhelming — but no woman should go through it alone. Compassion, family support, and open conversations with doctors make all the difference.

👉 To every woman in this stage: you are not alone. Your body is changing, but your value, beauty, and strength are not fading. With awareness, guidance, and care, this chapter can be one of freedom, renewal, and resilience. 🌸✨

#DrRababCares 

#MenopauseAwareness #WomenHealthMatters 

#SupportHer 

#OBGYN 

#CompassionInCare 

#ForestParkHospital #LusakaGynae

 ✨🤲 The Day My Hands Found What My Eyes Didn’t See 👀✨

• I was still a junior resident 👩‍⚕️.
• A planned cesarean section 🍼.
• One healthy baby girl — that’s what we all expected 💖.

The ultrasound, done by a senior consultant, was clear 🖥️: single pregnancy.

We were confident ✅.

I delivered the baby girl 👶.

She cried 😭.

We smiled 😊.

I handed her to the pediatrician 👩‍⚕️👨‍⚕️ and started closing.

Then… I paused ⏸️.

Something didn’t feel right 🤔.

I looked at the team and said:

“There’s another baby. There’s another baby!” 🗣️👶

They laughed 😂.

“Sure, doctor… maybe next week,” one nurse teased 😅.

Another said, “Don’t scare us like that.” 🙈

But my hands kept moving ✋, my heart racing ❤️‍🔥.

And then… I felt her ✨.

Small. Warm. Waiting 🍼💖.

Another baby girl 👶💗👶.

Two beautiful sisters, born minutes apart — one expected, one a complete surprise 🎁.

The room went silent 🤫.

Then came laughter 😄, joy 🥹, and disbelief 😲.

The mother’s smile said it all — double the love 💕, double the blessing 🙏.

🔍📢 Awareness Message:

While ultrasounds are a crucial tool in modern obstetrics 🖥️, they are not infallible.

Factors like fetal position 🤰, maternal anatomy 🫄, and late pregnancy changes 📅 can sometimes hide important findings — even a whole baby 👶.

That’s why regular antenatal checkups 🩺 and routine follow-up visits 📆 are essential. They allow us to monitor growth 📏, detect changes 🔍, and reduce the risk of surprises like this.

Technology guides us 💻, but it’s human judgment — supported by consistent follow-up — that truly safeguards mother and baby ❤️👩‍🍼.

#DrRababCares 

#DrRababMustafa 

#ForestParkHospital #LusakaDoctors #ZambiaHealthcare #OBGYN #MaternalHealth #SafeDelivery #BirthStory #PregnancyCare #WomensHealth #DoctorStories #LifeInTheOR

 🤣 Funny Facts

Pregnancy cravings can be so dramatic!

One expectant mom once asked me with a straight face:

"Doctor, if I don’t eat mangoes at midnight, will my baby be born with a mango-shaped birthmark?" 🥭😂

✅ Fact: Cravings are completely normal. They’re caused by hormonal changes that affect taste and smell, shifts in blood sugar, and sometimes even nutritional needs (like craving red meat when iron is low).

But here’s the truth — no, your baby won’t come out looking like the food you craved. Cravings don’t shape birthmarks or baby features. 🙃

⚠️ When to pay attention:

– Craving non-food items like soil, clay, ice, or chalk may be a sign of iron deficiency or anemia. That’s called pica — and it needs a doctor’s check.

– Extreme or constant cravings for sweets or carbs may signal gestational diabetes, so don’t ignore it.

And yes, sometimes you feel like you’re eating for two…

Which often means not one, but two (or three!) donuts 🍩🍩🍩 on the same plate — just to be safe 😉.

Pregnancy is full of funny myths — but it’s also full of signals your body is sending you.

So laugh at the stories 😄, enjoy your safe cravings 🍫🍓🍩… but never forget to listen to what your body is really asking for. 🌸

#FunnyFridays 

#DrRababCares 

#WomenHealthMatters 

#ForestParkHospital #LusakaGynae #PregnancyMyths

 🧬 HPV — What Every Woman Should Know

(Dr Rabab Cares 💜)

🌿 What is HPV?

HPV = Human Papillomavirus

It’s the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world.

There are over 100 types of HPV:

• Some cause genital warts (low-risk)
• Others can lead to cervical and other cancers (high-risk)

🔄 Can HPV be positive… and then become negative?

Yes — and it happens more often than you think.

> 💡 Over 90% of HPV infections clear naturally within 1–2 years, especially in healthy women under 45.

This means: 

✅ Your immune system fought the virus

✅ There’s no active infection

✅ Your HPV test can become negative again

Even if your Pap smear still shows mild changes (like LSIL), it doesn’t mean the virus is still there — it just takes time for the cells to normalize.

⚠️ When is HPV dangerous?

If high-risk types (like HPV 16 or 18) stay in the body too long, they can lead to:

• Cervical cancer
• Vaginal or vulvar cancer
• Anal and throat cancers
• That’s why we screen regularly — to catch any early changes before they become serious.

💉 What about the HPV vaccine?

The HPV vaccine is cancer prevention.

It protects against the most dangerous HPV types, and it’s:

✅ Safe

✅ Effective

✅ Approved by WHO, CDC, and leading medical bodies

👧 Who should get vaccinated?

Ideal age: 9–14 years (before sexual activity begins)

Catch-up: Up to age 26

In some cases: even up to age 45 (ask your doctor)

🔬 What do the experts say?

CDC: "90% of HPV infections are cleared by the immune system within 2 years."

WHO: "Most HPV infections are transient and asymptomatic."

The Lancet: "91% of infections cleared within 24 months." (Vol 364, 2004)

ACOG: "Most infections clear spontaneously in women under 30."

💬 Final word from Dr Rabab:

HPV is common.

But with good information, routine screening, and vaccination, we can protect our health and our daughters’ futures.

#DrRababCares

#HPVawareness

#HPVVaccine

#CervicalHealth

#PapSmear

#PreventCervicalCancer

#GynecologyZambia

#ForestParkHospital

#LinkedInDoctors

#WomensHealthHPV

 💙 Postpartum Depression:

 More Than Just the “Baby Blues”

Bringing a baby into the world is supposed to be a joyful experience. But for many women, it can leave deep emotional scars, even when everything goes smoothly from a medical point of view.

👩‍🍼 I met a young mother who delivered naturally, with no complications. From the outside, everyone celebrated her “perfect birth.” Yet, she sat in front of me in tears, saying:

“Doctor, I feel traumatized… I don’t even know why. Everything went well, but inside I feel broken.”

This is the hidden face of Postpartum Depression (PPD).

It’s not about the type of delivery or how smooth the process was — it’s about how a woman’s body, mind, and emotions process the experience.

🔎 Warning signs of PPD may include:

• Persistent sadness or tearfulness
• Feeling disconnected from the baby
• Reliving the birth experience as traumatic
• Sleep or appetite disturbances
• Guilt, shame, or feelings of failure
• In severe cases, thoughts of self-harm

💡 What mothers need to know:

PPD is not a weakness, and trauma can happen even after a “perfect” birth.

Emotional pain is just as real as physical complications.

Recovery is possible with the right support, therapy, and sometimes medication.

🌷 To mothers: Your feelings are valid. Healing takes time.

🌍 To families: Please listen, support, and never dismiss a mother’s emotions just because “the birth went well.”

#DrRababCares

#PostpartumDepression 

#WomensHealth 

#ForestParkHospital #MentalHealthAwareness 

#BirthTrauma